Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

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Cell Structures, Functions and Transport
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Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

• Nucleus
• Nickname The Control Center
• Function holds the DNA
• Parts
• Nucleolus dark spot in the middle of the
  nucleus that helps make ribosomes

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Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

• Ribosomes
• Function makes proteins
• Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Nickname Roads
• Function The internal delivery system of the
  cell

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Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• 2 Types
• Rough ER
• Rough appearance because it has ribosomes
• Function helps make proteins, thats why it has
  ribosomes
• Smooth ER
• NO ribosomes
• Function makes fats or lipids

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Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Complex
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

• Golgi Complex
• Nickname The shippers
• Function packages, modifies, and transports
  materials to different location inside/outside of
  the cell
• Appearance stack of pancakes

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Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

• Lysosomes circular, but bigger than ribosomes
• Nickname Clean-up Crews
• Function to break down food into particles the
  rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

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Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

• Mitochondria
• Nickname The Powerhouse
• Function Energy formation
• Breaks down food to make ATP
• ATP is the major fuel for all cell activities
  that require energy

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Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
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• Now lets talk about structures only found in
  PLANT Cells!!

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Plant Cell
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

• Vacuoles
• Function stores water
• This is what makes lettuce crisp
• When there is no water, the plant wilts

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Plant Cell
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

• Chloroplasts
• Function traps energy from the sun to produce
  food for the plant cell
• Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a
  green pigment

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Chloroplasts
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Plant Cell
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

• Cell Wall
• Function provides support and protection to the
  cell membrane
• Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

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Plant Cell
Cytoplasm
Smooth ER
Vacuole
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER
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Diffusion Osmosis
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Define Diffusion
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Define Diffusion

• The movement of molecules from a area in which
  they are highly concentrated to a area in which
  they are less concentrated.

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Draw a diagram of an example of diffusion we saw
in class.
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Draw a diagram of an example of diffusion we saw
in class.
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See an animation of diffusion here

• http//lewis.eeb.uconn.edu/lewishome/applets/Diffu
  sion/diffusion.html

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Define osmosis
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Define osmosis

• The diffusion of water across a selectively
  permeable membrane.

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Define osmosis

•  
• Water moves from a high concentration of water
  (less salt or sugar dissolved in it) to a low
  concentration of water (more salt or sugar
  dissolved in it).  This means that water would
  cross a selectively permeable membrane from a
  dilute solution (less dissolved in it) to a
  concentrated solution (more dissolved in it).

http//www.usd.edu/bgoodman/Osmos.htm
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Define osmosis
http//www.usd.edu/bgoodman/Osmos.htm
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Define osmosis

• In this picture a red blood cell is put in a
  glass of distilled water (all water with no salt
  or sugar in it).  Because there is a higher
  concentration of water outside the cell, water
  enters the cell by OSMOSIS.  In this case too
  much water enters and the cell swells to the
  point of bursting open.  In the end pieces of
  cell membrane are left in the water.

http//www.usd.edu/bgoodman/Osmos.htm
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See an animation of osmosis here

• http//lewis.eeb.uconn.edu/lewishome/applets/Osmos
  is/osmosis.html

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Define selectively permeable membrane
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Define selectively permeable membrane

• A membrane that allows only certain materials to
  cross it
• Materials pass through pores in the membrane

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For more information on diffusion osmosis,
click here

• http//edtech.clas.pdx.edu/osmosis_tutorial/defaul
  t.html

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Why are osmosis diffusion important?
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Why are osmosis diffusion important?

• All living things have certain requirements they
  must satisfy in order to remain alive maintain
  homeostasis
• These include exchanging gases (usually CO2 and
  O2), taking in water, minerals, and food, and
  eliminating wastes.
• These tasks happen at the cellular level.
• Molecules move through the cell membrane by
  diffusion

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Why are osmosis diffusion important?

• All living things have certain requirements they
  must satisfy in order to remain alive. These
  include exchanging gases (usually CO2 and O2),
  taking in water, minerals, and food, and
  eliminating wastes. These tasks ultimately occur
  at the cellular level, and require that molecules
  move through the membrane that surrounds the
  cell.

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Why are osmosis diffusion important?

• This membrane is a complex structure that is
  responsible for separating the contents of the
  cell from its surroundings, for controlling the
  movement of materials into and out of the cell,
  and for interacting with the environment
  surrounding the cell.

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Review Osmosis Diffusion Here

• http//wappingersschools.org/WJH/teachers/science
  /Jim_Site/asignments/cells/diffusionetc/diffusion_
  osmosis.html