Wisconsin Fish Families Part I

1
Wisconsin Fish Families Part I
2
Remember

• The Becker keys can provide you with a more
  detailed explanation of species differences and
  identification

3
Petromyzontidae (Lampreys)
4
Petromyzontiformes - Petromyzontidae

• 41 species worldwide, 6 species found in
  Wisconsin
• Sometimes parasitic
• The sea lamprey contributed to the collapse of
  the Great Lakes lake trout fishery

5
Chestnut Lamprey (Ichthyomyzon castaneus)

• Connected Dorsal
• Close supraoral lamina teeth

6
American Brook Lamprey (Lamperta appendix)

• wide supraoral teeth
• broken dorsal fin
• (gap between)

7
Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

• Separated dorsal fin
• Close supraoral teeth

8
Acipenseridae (Sturgeons)
Shovelnose Sturgeon
Lake Sturgeon
9
Acipenseriformes - Acipenseridae

• 23 species worldwide, 2 found in Wisconsin
• Most species are endangered
• Feed on benthic invertebrates
• Sought after gamefish

White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) dont
have to know
10
Lake Sturgeon
11
Shovelnose Sturgeon
12
Polyodontidae (Paddlefishes)

• 2 species worldwide
• A living plankton net
• Are listed as Threatened
• Found only in Mississippi and Wisconsin rivers
• No scales
• Sensory organs on rostrum
• Heterocercal tail

13
Lepisosteidae (Gars)

• Only 7 species worldwide, 2 found in Wisconsin
• Piscivorous
• Ganoid Scales

Longnose gar (Lepistosteus osseus)
Shortnose gar (Lepistosteus platostomus)
14
Longnose Gar
Shortnose Gar
15
Amiidae (Bowfins)
Amia calva
16
Amiiformes - Amiidae

• Only 1 extant species (Amia calva)
• Cycloid scales
• Voracious predators
• Fairly widespread
• Swim bladder doubles as rudimentary lung

Bowfin (Amia calva)
17
Anguillidae (Freshwater Eels)
American Eel
18
Anguilliformes - Anguillidae

• Approximately 622 species, mostly marine
• Only 1 species in Wisconsin (Anguilla rostrata)
• Eats primarily zoobenthos, but some fish as well
• Undercut banks, logs, and boulders

American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)

• Continuous dorsal,
• caudal, and anal
• fins

19
Hiodontiade (Mooneyes)
20
Osteoglossiformes - Hiodontidae

• Only representatives of Osteoglossiformes in
  Wisconsin

Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus)
21
Cyprinidae (Minnows)
Common Carp
Creek Chub
Longnose Dace
Goldfish
Fathead Minnow
Some Manner of Shiner
22
Cyprinidae
Notropis rubellus
Notemigonus crysoleucas

• Largest family of freshwater fishes
• Largest family of vertebrates
• 210 genera, 2010 species
• Occur in North America, Africa, Eurasia

Phoxinus eos
Cyprinus carpio
23
Cyprinidae Characteristics
Semotilus atromaculatus
Ctenopharyngodon idella
Abdominal Pelvic Fins
Cyprinus carpio

• Pharyngeal Teeth

24
Cyprinidae Characteristics

• Schreckstoff alarm substance
• Weberian Apparatus
• 4-5 modified vertebrae connecting swim bladder to
  inner ear
• Provides an accute sense of water pressure (and
  thus depth) and sound

Nuptial or Breeding Tubercles
25
Range of cyprinid sizes
Paedocypris progenetica Mature at 8 mm
Ptychocheilus lucius Max. size 1.5 m Piscivorous
26
Common Carp(Cyprinus carpio)Barbels on either
side of mouth and stout spine on dorsal fin
27
Fathead MinnowPimephales promelas
No distinct caudal spot
Diffuse lateral stripe
28
Bluntnose Minnow(Pimephales notatus)
Shortened first dorsal ray
29
Spottail ShinerNotropis hudsoniusProminent
spot at base of caudal finUsually 8 anal fin
rays (compared to 7 on bluntnose minnow)
Faint dorsal stripe
30
Emerald Shiner (Notropis atherinoides)Prominent
silver lateral stripe (does not extend to
opercle).Terminal mouth.No spot at base of
caudal fin.
31
Golden Shiner(Notemigonus crysoleucas)
Strongly decurved lateral line
32
Common ShinerLuxilus cornutus
- Vertically elongated, diamond shaped scales-
Anterior portion of scales have dark pigment
33
Spotfin ShinerCyprinella spilopterus
Pigment between last three dorsal rays
34
Creek ChubSemotilus atromaculatus
Spot at anterior base of dorsal fin
Terminal mouth, extends to center of eye
35
Largescale stonerollerCampostoma oligolepis
Scattered dark scales
Subterminal mouth
36
Northern redbelly dace(Phoxinus eos).
Lower jaw slightly ahead of upper jaw
37
Longnose daceRhinichthys cataractae
38
Blacknose dace (Western Blacknose
Dace)Rhinichthys atratulusFormerly Rhinichthys
obtusus
39
Cottidae (Sculpins)
Mottled Sculpin
Slimy Sculpin
40
Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus)
2 dorsal fins connected
CPL/PODgt1
Found in Lakes
3 pelvic rays
41
Mottled Sculpin (Cottas bairdii)
2 dorsal fins connected
CPL/PODlt1
Pelvic
4 pelvic rays
Found in rivers and streams
42
Centrarchidae
Ambloplites
Micropterus
Pomoxis
Lepomis
43
Micropterus
Largemouth bass
Maxilla beyond eye
Maxilla to middle of eye
Smallmouth bass
44
Lepomis spp
Green Sunfish
Orangespotted Sunfish
Less deep bodied More deep bodied
Bluegill
Pumpkinseed
45

• Green Sunfish
• Less deep bodied
• Maxilla extents to mid orbit
• Pectoral doesnt extend beyond eye

• Orangespotted sunfish
• Less deep bodied
• Entire edge of earflap lightly colored
• Pectoral extends beyond eye

46
Pumpkinseed- More deep bodied- Pectoral
extends beyond eye- Earflap has red spot on
edge (light spot on preserved
specimens)- diffuse irregular spots on
posterior dorsal
Bluegill- More deep bodied- Pectoral extends
beyond eye- Earflap dark to edge- Dark blotch
on posterior dorsal
47
Pomoxis spp
48
Ambloplites rock bass
Solid, no light margin
Rounded pectoral
49
Percidae 5 genera, 8 species
Sander
Perca
Percina
Etheostoma
50
Sander
Walleye(Sander vitreum)
White tip

• White spot bottom of caudal
• Big sharp teeth
• Maxilla extends beyond mid orbit

More mottled
51
Yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

• Vertical stripes
• No canine like teeth
• Maxilla extends to mid-orbit

52
Johnny darter
Darters

• X, Y, Z blotches
• Gap between dorsal

Rainbow darter
-Vertical bars posterior bars extend to
stomach -Gap between dorsal
Fantail darter

• Vertical lines on caudal
• No scales on
• belly

53
Logperch (Percina caprodes)

• 15 to 25 vertical bars
• Conical protuberance on snout
• AKA Michael Jackson face
• -Enlarged toothed scales on belly