BIOE 498 Senior Design Projects

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BIOE 498Senior Design Projects

• Fall 2008
• Lecture 2

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Everyone who emailed a URL,Thank you!

• Youve earned a free get out of jail card
• If email breaks
• If netfiles is down
• If the share permissions are wrong
• Stuff happens. No penalty (first offense)

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For the future

• And I will remind you,Please include Design
  somewhere in the subject line of all email
• This will help prevent your emailfrom being
  spam-filtered
• if you need to send a message from a non-uiuc or
  non-illinois email address
• If you need to borrow someone elses email
  account to send an emergency message
• Other
• Also Assignments are due in class or before
  class in email as we decided last time

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Todays Outline

• What is Design?
• Function and Form
• Design Space
• The Design Process
• First exercise

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What Design is Not

• Design is not research
• Design is not invention
• Design is not marketing
• Design is not just creativity
• Design is not fulfilling a utopian vision

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What Design is

• Design is finding the solution to an open-ended
  problem, usually ill-posed and ill-conditioned.
• Engineering design is the systematic,
  intelligent generation and evaluation of
  specifications for artifacts whose form and
  function achieve stated objectives and satisfy
  specified constraints. Dym and Little,
  Engineering Design

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Who is involved in design
Design Team
Motivations -Paycheck -The thrill of the
hunt -Undiagnosed obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Who is included in design
Design Team
Client
Motivations -To solve a certain problem to a
satisfactory degree -Profit -Research
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Who is included in design
Client
Design Team
User
Motivations -To solve a problem -Ease -Cost
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Communication
Client
Design Specifications
Marketing Analysis
Design Team
User
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Communication
Client
Design Specifications
Marketing Analysis
Progress Reports Prototype
Product
Design Team
User
http//www.dilbert.com/most_popular/
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Communication
Client
Design Specifications
Marketing Analysis
Progress Reports Prototype
Product
Publications, Press releases
Design Team
User
Considerations beyond design specifications Ethics
Open forum customer comments
http//www.dilbert.com/most_popular/
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Design Phases

• Formulation
• Setting the problem
• Concept Design
• Identifying alternatives
• Configuration Design
• Identifying organization
• Parametric Design
• Optimization
• Detail Design
• Implementation, remaining product specs
  (aesthetics)

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More on Parametric Design

• Identify design variables
• Deal with form of design
• Shape, configuration, size, materials,
  manufacturing process, etc.
• Determine values for design variables
• Check constraints for design using variables
  using models or data from other designs
• Redesign if not satisfied

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What is design the design process
Task Initiation
Task Clarification
Solution Search
Solution Evaluation
Build, Evaluate, Test
Sell/Use
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Function, Design, Form
Function
Requirements,Constraints
Design
Decision makingprocess
Form
Solution
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Form Follows Function

• Central dogma of design
• Function
• What needs to be done
• Form
• The shape of a solution that addresses
• Form is not function
• Form does not define function
• Form is not the end all be all
• Form does not define form, outside of a function

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Quality Function Diagram (QFD)

• Method used to
• Transform user demands into design quality
• Deploy the functions forming quality
• Deploy methods for achieving the design quality
  into subsystems and component parts, and
  ultimately to specific elements of the
  manufacturing process.
• Notable U.S. companies using QFD techniques
  include the U.S. automobile manufacturers General
  Motors, Ford, Chrysler LLC, and their suppliers,
  as well as IBM, Raytheon, General
  Electric, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Eaton
  Corporation and many others

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QFD Basics
optional
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Example QFD for iPhone
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Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Diagram

• In class exercise
• Create a QFD for a vein valve replacement for
  Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) patients
• Take a few minutes to contemplate what customer
  needs would be and design functions needed are
  then we will regroup and make a diagram

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Design Space

• Space is big.
• Douglas Adams, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the
  Galaxy
• Design Space
• Abstract concept
• Many dimensions
• Often you can only see a few at a time

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Material Science - Phase Diagram

• Thematic presentation
• Axes relevant to the system
• Regions of common state (phase)

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Design Space asa Phase Diagram

• With more axes

I am here
Salary
Internet access
Office temperature
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Lets look at the Axes
Internet access
Salary
Gb
Happier
10Mb
Analogcell
now
UnHappier
JustRight
OutaHere
Too cold
Too hot
Office temperature
78
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Lets look at some Planes

• I like cold, but not too cold
• I dontlike hot

Salary
?
now
Office temperature
78
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Those were Requirements

• What about cost?
• Heating is more efficient than cooling

Heating, cooling cost
overhead
Office temperature
Outsideambient
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Which lead to Constraints

• There is only so much money
• Salary lt Budget - S costs
• Lets revisit the planes

Salary?
Get real
now
Sure!You can work for lessif you wish!
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HeatingCooling cost constraint
Salary
now
?
Office temperature
78
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Design Space is

• A fine way to understand the aspects of the
  problem
• A silly way to solve it

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Design Space Dimensions

• Resolution
• Discrete razors
• One blade 4 blades
• Quasi continuous hex keys(sizes)
• Continuous length (e.g. rope)

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Design Space Dimensions

• Ordered
• temperature
• Enumerated (no order)
• Pan, flat, round, carriage, hex

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Design Space Dimensions

• Open-ended, both directions
• hex keys
• Open-ended, one direction
• Number of holes
• Its hard to have less than 0

larger
smaller
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Design Dimensions

• Looped

Color isa better example
What is this called? Spife? Knoon?
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Dimensions include

• Concepts
• Configurations
• Parameters
• Which you may have seen in previous courses
• More, Other
• Dimensions are ways of describing the problem
• And thus are ways of thinking about it

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Requirements, Constraints
unnecessary
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Design Stages

• Collect/refine input, Clarify
• Establish the requirements
• Identify the constraints
• Generate possibilities
• Identify A,B,C,D,E,F
• Analyze
• Determine wherethe alternatives are
• And generate more
• Evaluate
• Down-select B, E, C
• in Value order

B
E
A
C
D
F
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The Design Process
Formulation
Evaluation

• Iterate as needed
• Inspiration
• Desperation
• to have enoughcandidates

Clarification
Concept Design
Generation
Analysis
Evaluation
Configuration Design
Clarification
Same stages,next phase
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Waterfall
Evaluation

• Activities overlap in time
• A ConceptDes begins
• B ConfigDes begins
• C Spec frozen
• D ConceptDes ends
• With feedback loops
• Can percolate to the top!
• Some events are final
• C Spec frozen
• Note the Waterfall model is not always best
• esp. for software
• But it is often done
• Or required (more later)

Clarification
Generation
Analysis
Evaluation
Clarification
time
A
B
C
D
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Change Control

• What do you do after you realize you missed
  something?
• Change is good!
• But uncontrolled change can not be permitted when
  other people are involved
• Parts are already on order (money spent)
• The machine shop has already drilled a hole there
• The MOU is signed
• Change Control (more later)
• Every document is labeled, dated
• Changes are negotiated with relevant parties
• Or else!
• Old versions of documents are kept
• In case you were wrong about being wrong

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Design Ideas

• Design ideas can come from anywhere, just think
  of your everyday life and those moments where you
  said, if only there was a device that did _____
• Listen to your clients needs and make what they
  want!

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Design Example

• I need to stay warm while at home relaxing but I
  need to keep my hands free
• I also need to be able to get up at a moments
  notice and not get tangled in a blanket
• anyone?

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Functional Blanket
Yeah, I did it, I joined the Snuggie cult
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Design

• Client Needs
• Warmth (important for material selection)
• Openings for arms
• Possibly adjustable size?
• Characteristics
• Dimensions (average adult height width)
• Material (fleece? down?)
• Machine washable a plus

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Design Exercise Your Own!

• Come up with your own design project (does not
  have to be BIOE)
• Identify at least 3 dimensions for this design
• If any dimensions are enumerated, provide at
  least 3 values
• If any dimensions are bounded by requirements or
  constraints, identify those bounds
• Email (subject Design Exercise) before class
  Aug 31st
• We will talk about, in class

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Other/Related

• No figures required
• You can use words
• Shouldnt need more than one page
• Two, if you want to use figures