Integrating

1
Integrating Disability into the Banks
Children and Youth Work
Juan Felipe Sanchez, Senior Children and Youth
Specialist / HDN-CY

• 30 November, 2004

2
Eradicating Poverty The World Banks Mission

• Two major pillars
• Investment climate
• Finance, infrastructure, labor market reform,
  etc.
• Investing in people
• Education, health, social protection, HIV/AIDS
• The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provide a
  global framework for the WBs work on children
  and youth

3
Children and Youth / Disability at the WB

• Children and Youth Unit at the Human Development
  Hub since 2002
• Disability team at the Human Development Hub
  since 2002
• Framework for Action (FfA) to provide guidelines
  and resources for bank staff working on CY
• The focus on Orphans and Vulnerable Children
  section- and within it, disabled children and
  youth- as part of the FfA

4
Business Case Why invest in CY?

• Demographic Urgency
• Millennium Development Goals
• Economic Efficiency
• Children Highest leverage point for investments
  to build human capital
• Youth Cost of not investing high
• Political Imperative
• Demand from clients and partners
• Need to scale up significantly and swiftly

5
CY Conceptual Framework
Livelihoods and employment
Age 25 14 6 0

• Starting early

Life-long learning
Secondary tertiary education
Healthy behaviors
Participation and Empowerment
Enabling policies and institutions
Supportive families and communities
Primary education
Protection of the most vulnerable (OVC)
Early Childhood Development
Child health nutrition
Safe, healthy habitat
6
continue with youth
CY Conceptual Framework
Livelihoods and employment
Age 25 14 6 0
Life-long learning
Secondary tertiary education
Healthy behaviors
Enabling policies and institutions
Participation and Empowerment
Supportive families and communities
Investing in earlier life
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Issues and risks differ significantly

• Children Issues/Risks
• Malnutrition
• Childhood Illness
• Getting into school/ staying enrolled
• Unsafe home environment
• Orphans and vulnerable children (AIDS, war,
  street children, disability)
• Child Labor

• Youth Issues/Risks
• No voice in development policies
• Staying in school/high dropout rates
• Finding the first job/ staying employed
• Risky behaviors (early pregnancy, HIV/AIDS,
  violence and crime, drugs)

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and so do potential solutions

• Children (0-14) Doing More and Better
• We know increasingly what works
• BUT how to do it effectively and selectively?
• And catch those falling through the cracks? (e.g.
  OVC)
• Youth (15-24) More Systematic Focus
• Experience and analysis is new and uneven
• How to build on pioneering work? (e.g. LAC and
  ECA regions)
• How to move from advocacy to evidence? (research
  and analytic work)
• How to integrate youth voice in all levels of
  development work

9
The life cycle approach provides the links
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Risks and Vulnerabilities

• Vulnerability
• "a high probability of a negative outcome", or an
  expected welfare loss above a socially accepted
  norm, which results from risky/uncertain events,
  and the lack of appropriate risk management
  instruments.

• Risk Factors
• Household level (abuse, parental loss, neglect,
  exploitation)
• Community level ( lack of safety nets, stigma,
  social/ethnic exclusion, violence)
• Macro level (HIV/AIDS, conflict, financial
  crisis, natural disasters)

11
OVC in the Framework for Action

• Orphans (39 Million, 16 Million of AIDS)
• Child soldiers and children affected by conflict
  (150,00 War Orphans, 120,000 Child Soldiers and 2
  Million permanently Disabled)
• Street children ( 3 Million)
• Domestic servants (5 Million)
• Children bound in the worst forms of child labor
  slavery (600,000)
• Disabled children (6 Million)
• All data for Sub-Saharan Africa only (source
  UNICEF Children on the Brink)

12
Disability and poverty

• People are often disabled not because of a
  diagnosable condition, but because they are
  denied access to education, labor market, public
  services, etc.
• This exclusion leads to poverty and, in a vicious
  cycle, poverty leads to more disability by
  increasing their vulnerability (malnutrition,
  disease, etc.)

13
Disability and the MDGs

• The priorities of the Bank embodied in the MDGs
  cannot be achieved without incorporating the 10
  of the worlds population which is disabled
  given the strong two-way link between poverty
  and disability

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Improving the Banks programs by addressing the
issue of disability

• Making Bank programs more accessible, rather than
  launching a series of parallel programs for
  disabled people
• Integrating disability creates synergies between
  a number of different themes by tying them
  together

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Moving Forward

• Continue filling knowledge gaps (e.g. ASW within
  the framework of the high-level CY research task
  force)
• Take stock of disability-related Bank work
  including disability issues within the CY
  website
• Develop regional CY strategies incorporating
  disability priorities
• Support staff and identify technical and
  financial resources which can assist TTLs
  willing to address disability issues

16
Moving Forward

• Assure inclusion of the most vulnerable in WB
  project designs
• Continue to include Disability in global
  partnerships
• Scale up Disability projects/project components
• Encourage Disabled youth participation (e.g. YDP
  Network, country Youth Voices groups, etc.)