Varieties of Life:

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Chapter 15

• Varieties of Life
• Fungi and Animals

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Seven Taxonomic Categories

• Kingdom King
• Phylum Paul
• Class Came
• Order Over
• Family For
• Genus Good
• Species Steak

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Five Kingdoms

• Monera
• Unicellular, includes true bacteria and
  cyanobacteria (blue-gree algae)
• Protista
• Protozoans and algae
• Fungi
• Multicellular, heterotrophic
• Plantae
• Multicellular, autotrophic
• Animalia
• Multicellular, heterotrophic

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Kingdom Fungi
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Kingdom Fungi

• Four general groups of fungi
• Chytrids
• Simplest ________________________
• Can _____________________________
• Only group of fungi _____________________________
  _____________________________

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Kingdom Fungi

• Four general groups of fungi
• Chytrids
• Zygomycota
• ________________________
• ____________________________________!

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Kingdom Fungi

• Four general groups of fungi
• Chytrids
• Zygomycota
• Basidiomycota

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Kingdom Fungi

• Four general groups of fungi
• Chytrids
• Zygomycota
• Basidiomycota
• Ascomycota
• ___________________
• _____________________

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Kingdom Fungi

• Simple body structure
• 1
• 2
• Cellular structure of fungi _____________________
  _______________________
• _____________________________ in both body parts

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Kingdom Fungi

• All fungi reproduce via ________,_______________
  _______________

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Kingdom Fungi

• Several anthropogenic uses of fungi
• ____________________
• Truffles, morels
• Fermentation
• ____________________
• Penicillin, produced by Penicillium notatum

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Taxonomy of humans

• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Artiodactyla
• Family Cervidae
• Genus Odocoileus
• Species Odocoileus virginianus

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Five Kingdoms

• Monera
• Unicellular, includes true bacteria and
  cyanobacteria (blue-gree algae)
• Protista
• Protozoans and algae
• Fungi
• Multicellular, heterotrophic
• Plantae
• Multicellular, autotrophic
• Animalia
• Multicellular, heterotrophic

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Animals

• (this means YOU!)

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Characteristics of all Animals

• _______________________
• Cells are ________________
• __________________ by ingestion
• Occupy ____________________

7 spot ladybird beetle
Clownfish w/ anemone
Sea Star
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Kingdom Animalia

• Variety of ____________________
• _______________________
• Example Sponges (Phylum Porifera)

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Kingdom Animalia

• Variety of body plans
• No symmetry
• _________________

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Kingdom Animalia

• Variety of body plans
• No symmetry
• Radial symmetry
• ______________ symmetry
• Anterior ___________________
• Posterior _______________________
• Dorsal ___________________________
• Ventral ____________________________

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Kingdom Animalia

• Several methods of obtaining food
• ________________________
• Straining water through specialized structure(s)
  that collects food particles

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Kingdom Animalia

• Several methods of obtaining food
• Filter feeding
• _____________________________
• Consume plants or algae, usually roaming

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Kingdom Animalia

• Several methods of obtaining food
• Filter feeding
• Grazers / Browsers
• ____________________
• Consume other animals

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Kingdom Animalia

• Several methods of reproduction among members of
  Animalia
• ________________________
• Parthenogenesis
• Budding
• _________________________
• Different sexes produce either eggs or sperm
• ______________ produce both eggs and sperm

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Relationships between groups

• Much diversity within Animalia, but all animals
  share a common ancestor
• Body plan and formation of tissues represent the
  earliest separation among animal groups

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Characteristics of all Chordates

• Pharyngeal slits
• A dorsal notochord
• A tail which extends past the anal opening
• Includes 3 subphyla Cephalochordata,
  Urochordata, and Vertebrata

4 species of sea squirts
Amphioxus, a lancelet
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Subphylum VertebrataNerve cord encased in
vertebrae
Green sea turtle
Snowy egret
Sergeant Major fish
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Characteristics of Class Mammalia

• _________________________
• __________________ to feed young
• __________________

Manatee
Opossum
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Class Mammalia

• Monotremes (Order Monotremata)
• __________
• _______________
• _______________

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Class Mammalia

• Monotremes
• Marsupials
• Relatively short ________________________________
  __________________________
• Development _________________________

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Class Mammalia

• Monotremes
• Marsupials
• Placental mammal
• Much _________________________________
• Young ________________________________
• Mothers produce ____________ and have fur
• Humans and many other groups are placental mammals

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Where do humans fit in?

• How are humans related to other mammals?
• To other primates?

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Order Primates

• General similarities
• Shortened _________________ (snout)
• Eyes face forward, __________________________
• Opposable _____________
• Reduced ________________, usually one at a time
• Exist in complex social groups

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Who are the Primates?
Western lowlands gorilla
Patas monkey
Ring tailed lemur
White faced gibbon
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Characteristics of all Primates

• Opposable Thumb
• Binocular vision

Homo sapiens
Pan troglodytes
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Family Hominidaethe hominids
Australopithecus afarensis - Lucy
3.5 myo footprints
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Family Hominidae

• Includes the _________ and __________
• Chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans
• Similarities include
• Absence ____________________
• Extended ___________________, relative to other
  primates
• All have _____________________________

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Humans and other primates

• Humans are more closely-related to chimpanzees
  than any other existing primates
• Humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor
• Genera of humans
• Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and
  Homo
• Only Homo sapiens (us) exists today

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Other Hominids
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Characteristics of Bipedalism
Foramen magnum at base of skull Bowl shaped
pelvis Knee cap faces forward Femur angles in Big
toe points forward Arched foot
A. afarensis
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Family Hominidae the hominids
Australopithecus africanus