Concentrated Poverty and the Geography of Exclusion

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Concentrated Poverty and the Geography of
Exclusion

• Daniel T. Lichter
• Cornell University
• May 28, 2008

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Objectives

• Overview of Spatial Inequality
• New Dimensions of Poverty
• Concentrated Poverty
• Racial and Ethnic Segregation
• Emerging Hispanic Destinations
• Implications

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Overview of Spatial Inequality

• Why it matters?
• Indicates structure of opportunity and economic
  exclusion
• Implies concentration effects
• Reinforces racial and ethnic inequality

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Three New Developments
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Concentrated Poverty
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Metro trends
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Source Jargowsky, 2003
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Poverty Rates in Detroit

1990
2000
80 100
60 79.9
40 59.9
20 39.9
0 19.9
No Data

Source Paul Jargowsky, Bruton Center,
University of Dallas and the Windows on Urban
Poverty project, www.urbanpoverty.net
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Nonmetro trends
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Source Lichter and Johnson (2007)
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Poverty Concentration of Places and People, 2000
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Source Lichter, Parisi, Taquino, Beaulieu
(Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and
Society, 2008)
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Source Lichter, Parisi, Taquino, Beaulieu
(Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and
Society, 2008)
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2. Racial and Ethnic Segregation
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Source Lichter, Parisi, Taquino, Beaulieu
(2008)
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Racial Segregation, by Poverty Status
Source Lichter, Parisi, Taquino, Beaulieu
(2008)
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Source Logan, Stulz, and Farley (Demography,
2004)
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Source Logan, Stulz, and Farley (Demography,
2004)
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Source Frey and Myers (2005)
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Source Lichter, Parisi, Grice, and Taquino
(Demography, 2007)
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Table 4 Top Ten Nonmetro Segregated Places by
Race
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Muncipal Underbounding?
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Top Ten Nonmetro Places with Greatest Difference
in 2000 Fixed Boundary and 2000 Dissimilarity
Indices, Black and White
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3. Emerging Hispanic Destinations
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Source Johnson and Lichter (Population and
Development Review, 2008)
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Lichter, Parisi, Grice, and Taquino (2008, PAA)
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Source Johnson Lichter (2008)
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Lichter, Parisi, Grice, and Taquino (2008, PAA)
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Lichter, Parisi, Grice, and Taquino (2008, PAA)
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Implications

• American poverty is highly concentrated in
  largely invisible places suggests exclusion
• New racial and ethnic diversity in rural areas
  new American ghettos
• Need to understand demography of spatial
  inequality (rural areas are collecting grounds
  for the poor)
• Suggests need for targeting places (e.g., housing
  policies, inclusive zoning, economic development
  zones, highway planning)

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Thank You
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Concentrated Poverty Among Nonmetro Minorities
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