Inception Report Malaysia

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Inception Report Malaysia

• By Yeo Swee Lan

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Contents

• Malaysia Introduction
• PWD in Malaysia Introduction
• Legislation Disability Act
• Services for PWD
• Basic Rehabilitation
• Employment for PWD
• Benefits for PWD
• Self-Help Movements of PWD
• Self-Advocacy Movement of Persons with Learning
  Disabilities (UNTED VOICE)

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Malaysia Introduction
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AREA total 329,750 sq km land 328,550 sq km
water 1,200 sq km
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Population

• Total population 25.6 million (2005)
• Gender Ratio 1.01 male(s)/female
  (2005 est.)

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PWD in MalaysiaIntroduction
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Definition of Disability

• Persons who experience losses, changes or
  abnormality either physically, body structure,
  nervous system, functions of an organ and mental
  or physical disability.
• It may happen before or after childbirth either
  on temporary or permanent (defined as handicap
  for more than 6 months).
• The condition either fully or partially hinders
  the social and community needs of an individual
  in terms of the cultural and physical
  environment.
• The types of disabilities included Sight,
  Hearing, Speech, Limbs and Mental.

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Population of persons with disabilities

• Absolute figure is unavailable
• 150,617 persons with disabilities are registered
  (2004)
• According to the World Bank calculations Malaysia
  would have around 2,560,000 disabled persons in
  2000.

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Persons with disabilities classified by type of
disability

• Registered PWDs - Department of Social Welfare
• 2000 2004
• Orthopedic Disabilities 33,559 51,090
• Learning Disabilities 33,275 57,483
• Hearing Impairment 17,692 24,712
• Visual Impairment 13,743 15,364
• Multiple disabilities 183
  1,968
• Total 98,452 150,617

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Number of PWDs registered in 2004

• Male 11,266
• Female 6,802
• Total 18,068

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Legislation Disability Act
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Legislation

• There is no specific legislation concerning the
  disabled persons in Malaysia, but there are
  "piece-meal" legislations involving the rights of
  the disabled.
• Constitutionally, a disabled person may claim his
  rights under Article 8 of the Federal
  Constitution that guarantees equality to all
  persons.
• Under the Advisory and Consultative Council, a
  Technical Working Group (TWG) on Legislation was
  formed. The TWG has drafted the Disabled Persons
  Act 2002 and had submitted to the Council for
  endorsement. To date, the Act is still not
  endorsed.

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Disability Act

• The Objectives of the Disability Act are-
• To ensure that persons with disabilities in
  Malaysia have the same rights to equality before
  the law as the rest of the community in the
  country.
• To eliminate, as far as possible, discrimination
  against persons on the ground of disability in
  various areas of life.
• To promote recognition and acceptance within the
  community of the principle that persons with
  disabilities be afforded equal opportunities and
  full participation to enable them to live as a
  rightful citizen of the country.

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Accessibility related Law

• The major breakthrough and the first step taken
  toward overcoming the environmental and
  structural barriers was the gazzetment of the
  amendments to the Building By-Laws 1984 under the
  Street, Drainage and Buildings Act 1974.
• Three Malaysian Standards Codes of Practice on
  the accessibility and mobility for people with
  disabilities were introduced between 1990 and
  1993-
• MS 11841991, Code of Practice for Access for
  Disabled Persons To Public Buildings,
• MS 11831990, Code of Practice for Means of
  Escape for Disabled Persons,
• MS 13311993, Code of Practice for Access for
  Disabled Persons Outside Buildings.
• The Local Authorities will include these
  conditions as a prerequisite for the approval for
  building plans submission for the approval of new
  buildings.

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Services for PWD
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• Age Services Department
• __________________________________________________
  ____________________________
• 0-6 Birth Min of Health
• Diagnosis Govt/Private Hosp.
• Early Intervention Programme Hosp, CBR NGO
• --------------------------------------------------
  --------------------------------------------------
  -----------------------------
• 7-12 Primary School (Special Ed) Min of
  Education
• 13-18 or 20 Secondary School (Special Ed) Min of
  Education
• CBR Welfare Department
• Private NGO/Private Schools
• --------------------------------------------------
  --------------------------------------------------
  -----------------------------
• 18 above Vocational Rehabilitation
• - National VRC Welfare Department
• - Job Training Centres CBR, NGO
• --------------------------------------------------
  --------------------------------------------------
  -----------------------------
• 20 above Employment Min of Human Resource
• - Open Employment Private Sectors
• - Supported Employment NGO

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Basic Rehabilitation CBR

• Basic rehabilitation services will be made
  available in all Health Clinics. Currently there
  are 72 Health Clinics providing rehabilitation
  services for children with special needs
• In line with the global trend, Community-based
  Rehabilitation is being given greater emphasis in
  Malaysia thereby providing rehabilitation
  facilities at the local community level itself
  rather than depending on traditional
  institutionalized rehabilitation concept.
• The government is fully committed to increase and
  improve the CBR programmes which are expected to
  cover the entire country over the years. Up till
  now, some 274 centres providing services for
  5,768 children are in operation and this figure
  is expected to increase manifold in the years to
  come.
• Malaysia has embarked on a community-based
  programme to cater the needs of the disabled
  persons in the rural areas since 1983.
• Source by Md. Rashid bin Ismail Director,
  Rehabilitation Division, Department of Social
  Welfare, Malaysia (June 2003)

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• Comments on
• Community Based Rehabilitation Centers
• Cater for a wide range of disabilities and age
  group.
• There is no specialisation and the services lack
  focus.
• The environment of these centres is usually not
  conducive for effective learning.
• Most CBR are not properly equipped for assessment
  and vocational rehabilitation.
• Often operate as day care centres instead of
  practicing
• Individualised Educational Programs.
• The centres seemed to be at the mercy of the
  community
• such charity based concept may not have
  consistency in
• its practice.