International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides Implementation, Monitoring a

1
International Code of Conduct on the
Distribution and Use of PesticidesImplementatio
n, Monitoring and Observance in the Asia-Pacific
Region

• Code Implementation in the Asia Region

prepared forRegional Workshop Bangkok 26-28
July 2005
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Questionnaire Survey
New Monitoring Guidelines 110 Questions (incl.
20 for documents)

• 16 Questionnaires
• Returned

Compilation and Analysis of Data
40 Questions 30 identical 10 for numbers
Database
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Purpose of Survey

• Understand purpose of monitoring
• Pre-test questionnaire
• Experience problems and limitations of
  questionnaire survey
• Understand current situation in the region
• Prepare for regular monitoring of Code
  implementation

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Importance of Pesticides in the Region
Value 8.3 billion/year
Volume 500,000 t a. i. /year
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Importance of Pesticides in the Region
Is it correct?
Value 8.3 billion/year
Volume 500,000 t a. i. /year
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Annual Pesticide Consumption
red numbers calculated estimates
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Pesticide Use Pattern
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Cost per kg of Product
US per kg formulated product
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Pesticide Use per ha agric. Land








kg formulated product per ha agricultural land
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Pesticide Expenditures in of Agric. GNP
Agric. GNP in of National GNP (/10)
formulated products in of agricultural GNP
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Pesticide Expenditures per Rural Person in of
Per Capita Income
per capita income
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Pesticide Management Involved Institutions
Public and Private Sector
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Pesticide Management Involved Institutions

• All Countries have Pesticide Legislation
• All Countries have Pesticide Registration
• Ministry of Agriculture has primary
  responsibility
• In most countries, inter-ministerial cooperation

Public and Private Sector
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A. Pest Management
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A. Pest Management

• Most countries have IPM policy
• Most countries have IPM programmes
• Which IPM programmes are effective?
• Which countries have pesticide reduction policies
  and targets?

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B. Testing, Quality Control and Effects in the
Field
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B. Testing, Quality Control and Effects in the
Field
Is it correct?
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B. Testing, Quality Control and Effects in the
Field
55
42,900
With low quality products in market Without low
quality products in market
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C. Health Information
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C. Health Information
Is it correct?
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C. Health Information
70 intentional/suicide
80 intentional/suicide
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C. Environmental Information
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C. Environmental Information
Is it correct?
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D. Pesticide Manufacture, Use Trade
Manufacture
X tons a.i. technical product
Import Technical Product x tons a.i.
Export Technical Product x tons a.i.
Formulation
X tons formulated product
Import Formulated Product x tons
Export Formulated Product x tons
Use
Public Health
Illegal trade channels?
Agriculture
Veterinary
Household

• Insecticide
• Fungicide
• Herbicide

X tons
X tons
X tons
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D. Pesticide Manufacture, Use Trade
partial
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D. Pesticide Manufacture, Use Trade
Is it correct?
partial
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E. Selected Standards of the Code
number of inspections
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Industry and NGO Associations
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Conclusions and Comments

• Who should answer questionnaire?
• is registration authority best informed?
• quality of existing data
• who wants to know?
• Are the necessary policies formulated?
• pesticide as damage control agent, not
  production input
• strengthening on natural antagonistic potential
  (ecol. IPM)
• protection against hazardous materials?
• protection of environment?
• farmer education for self-reliant management
• Are policies effective?

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Conclusions and Comments

• Code is not limited to
• agricultural pesticides
• pesticide registration
• licensing schemes
• health monitoring
• environmental monitoring
• trade monitoring
• . these are only the
  means for ...

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Conclusions and Comments

• The Real Goals of the Code are
• protecting people from hazardous materials
• protecting the environment
• sustainable development
• fair and responsible trade

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Conclusions and Comments

• Therefore
• Monitoring the implementation of the Code of
  Conduct should provide information about the
  effectiveness (or need for strengthening) of
  policies that
• protect people from hazardous materials
• protect the environment
• promote sustainable development
• promote fair and responsible trade

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Conclusions and Comments

• Therefore
• Monitoring the implementation of the Code of
  Conduct provides a perfect opportunity to
• strengthen the dialogue between stakeholders
• provide feedback to policy makers on
  effectiveness of pest and pesticide management
  policies