Temperature, Heat , and States of Matter

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Temperature, Heat , and States of Matter
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Big Ideas

• Matter and Energy are conserved.
• Matter can change form.
• Macroscopic properties are determined by
  molecular/atomic structure.

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Focus Questions

• What is temperature?
• What is heat?
• What determines the thermal energy of a
  substance?
• Compare and contrast heat and temperature.

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Focus questions contd

• What are the states of matter and how are they
  distinguished from one another?
• How does adding or removing heat affect the state
  of matter?

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Temperature

• Due to motion of particles of a substance.
• A measure of the average KE of those particles.

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Thermal (Internal) Energy

• Total energy of the particles of a substance
  (kinetic and potential)

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Heat

• Thermal energy that flows from one substance to
  another due to a temperature difference.
• Flows from a substance at a higher temp. to one
  at a lower temp. until the temperatures are the
  same.

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Specific Heat

• Amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 g of
  a substance 1 degree Celsius - symbol is C
• Water 4.19 J/goC 4190 J/kgoC
• 1 cal/goC
• Ex pizza in oven, land vs. ocean
• Q (m)(C)(?T)

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Heat of Fusion

• Amount of heat needed to change state from solid
  to liquid
• For water Heat of Fusion 3.35 x 105 J/kg
• No temperature change during state change.

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Heat of Vaporization

• Amount of heat needed to change state from liquid
  to gas
• For water Heat of Vaporization 2.26 x 106 J/kg
• No temperature change during vaporization.

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• heating curve for water

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• How much heat is gained by 20 kg of water as it
  is heated from ice at 0oC to water vapor at 100oC?

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• Gwyns bowl is filled with 0.175 kg of 60oC
  soup, (mostly water) that she stirs with a 20.0oC
  silver spoon of mass 0.400 kg. The spoon slips
  out of her hand and slides into the soup. What
  equilibrium temperature will be reached if the
  spoon is allowed to remain in the soup and no
  heat is lost to the outside air? Cspoon - 240
  J/kgoC

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• To cool her 0.200 kg cup of 75oC hot chocolate
  (mostly water), Heidi drops a 0.0300 kg ice cube
  at 0oC into her insulated foam cup. What is the
  temperature of the hot chocolate after all the
  ice is melted?

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Solids

• Definite shape and volume
• Regular structure

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Liquids

• Definite volume
• No definite shape-takes the shape of container

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Gas

• No definite volume-takes volume of container
• No definite shape-takes shape of container

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Plasma

• Ionized gas