Integrated Air Quality Management at City Level:

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Integrated Air Quality Management at City Level

• PUNE CITY
• Srinivas Bonala

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City Profile

• Population as 2001 census -2.697 Millions
• Density (persons/ sq km) -10,657
• No of Households - 623,056
• Average Household size - 4.42
• Length of road network - 1000 kms
• Vehicles regd in PMA (2003) -1.354 Millions
  (PMC- 1.057 millions PCMC - 0.297
  Millions)
• Avg. new veh. registrations/day- 400 (app..
  100,000 new per annum)
• No of PMT buses - 847

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City Manifests Problems Such As

• increased traffic congestion,
• reduced driving speed,
• increased environmental pollution and
• degradation of quality of life
• Capacity of many intersections has been
  exhaustedThe central city is experiencing
  capacity gaps, parking problems, low-speed
  travel, increased congestion, environmental
  pollution leading to worsening air quality.

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First Corporation to Prepare ESR ( 1995 -96) in
India

• 9th Report Covers Issues Pertaining to
• Air quality, land use, health, noise, housing,
  sanitation, greenery, slums, traffictransport
  etc.,
• It outlines PMCs priorities for current year
• Priorities are based on facts figures,
  sometimes experiences
• No emphasis on domestic, agricultural,
  construction and industrial pollution
• Inadequate health impact data

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Air Quality Action Plan-2002

• Court directives to prepare action plan to
  improve air quality with respect to vehicular
  pollution (May 2002)
• Prepared action plan in consultation with RTO and
  MPCB
• First attempt was made to estimate vehicular,
  industrial domestic pollution
• Road map on emission norms, fuel quality, steps
  to curb pollution from vehicles in use and
  control on registration of certain kind vehicles

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Hindrances Faced.

• Lack of validated and appropriate data
• Ad hoc approach to air quality management plan
  and strategies
• Multitude of agencies. Lack of effective
  coordination and communication.

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The Pune Approach

• Marching towards science based AQM model
• Brainstorming workshop on of air quality
  management held on Sept. 12-13, 2001 in Delhi
  attended by rep from MoEF, CPCB, State PCBs,
  academic institutions and USEPA.
• Pune selected as demo city for undertaking Urban
  Air Pollution Control Strategy Development by
  MoEF USEPA.
• USAEP is strategic partner to USEPA in
  implementing this project and work started in
  Pune in December 2002
• PMC with facilitation from USAEP made Pune member
  of CAI-Asia in FY 2003
• A core-group has been formed consisting of
  various stakeholders
• Core group has prepared a draft Air Quality
  Management Programme
• (AQMP) with the following building blocks

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Process for Improving Air Quality
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New Urban Air Quality Management Initiative

• Start-to-finish control strategy development
  project in one city in India
• 2-3 years duration
• EPA provides training/assistance
• Project tasks completed by groups in India
• Focus on particulate matter (PM-10)
• Science-based Action Plan to be developed
• Funding and Facilitative support from USEPA and
  USAEP/USAID to develop and implement the project
  in Pune

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New Urban Air Quality Management Initiative

• Strong training component training transfer
• ambient air monitoring (source apportionment and
  permanent networks)
• emission inventories (point, area, mobile IVEM)
• dispersion modeling
• control strategy evaluation and selection
• health impacts assessment
• Training and field activity

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Activities Completed

• International Vehicle Emission Model (IVEM)
• MOBILE SOURCE INVENTORY
• Assisted by University of California Riverside
  team
• IVEM model was based on vehicle technology
  distribution, driving pattern, time and number of
  vehicle engine starts for Highway, arterial and
  residential areas.
• IVEM Field Study held in Pune, March 2003
• UCR provided training and assistance
• Data gathered by Indian groups (Pune Municipal
  Corporation, ARAI, Univ. of Pune, SIAM, and
  others)
• Final report issued June 2003
• Developed most comprehensive mobile source
  emissions inventory in India to date

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Block Estimates From The IVEM model
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Comparison Daily Emission Estimates by CIRT
IVEM (tonnes/day)
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Activities Completed

• 2 Key Activities Source Apportionment and
• Ambient Air Monitoring
• Ambient Monitoring
• EPA team delivered training, September 2003
• Strong data analysis emphasis
• Pune field study, September 2003
• Source Apportionment
• Training delivered September 2003
• Field study scheduled in Feb 2005

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Activities Completed

• Air Monitoring Training and Field Study
• TOPICS COVERED
• Quality assurance project plan.
• Data quality objectives
• Sampling and analysis plan.
• Quality control/assurance
• Data analysis
• Air Pollution Chemistry
• Sample Collection
• Data analysis.
• Site visit to monitoring stations.

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Evaluation of 5 Monitoring Stations in Pune by
EPA team

• Relocate 3 samplers from roads retain two
• Add at least 1 co-located meteorological station
• Put all sites on the regular schedules(1-in-3
  days or 1-in-6 days)
• Implement coordinated QA/QC plan
• Conduct sampler inter-comparison study
• Modify laboratory / filter- weighing procedures
• Implement coordinated data analysis program

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Activities Completed

• Pune Regional Emission Inventory Study,
• March 16-24 , 2004
• Diverse team of 40 participants from various
  governmental and educational institutes
  participated in the study.
• This was the first ever attempt to prepare
  comprehensive emission estimates for Pune region
  and it is the first of its kind in India.
• The documentation and results are available on
  www.unipune.ernet.in/dept/env.

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Activities Planned

• Proposed Source Apportionment Project
• Procedures
• Deploy 12-15 portable battery operated mini Vol
  samplers at key sites for a 3 weeks period
• Samplers can be calibrated to monitor PM2.5 and
  PM10
• Collect PM samples during high pollution season
• Conduct basic chemical specification analysis
• Conduct gravimetric mass PM10 and PM2.5 analysis
• Analysis performed in US and India

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Activities Planned

• AIR QUALITY MODELING
• Training module is being developed
• Focus on dispersion modeling for PM-10
• Modeling dependent on development of quality
  inventories
• Team being assembled from EPA headquarter and
  Regional staff to support training and field
  efforts in Pune

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Activities Planned

• Control Strategy Development
• Workshop on control strategy development
  techniques being developed
• will discuss how monitoring, emissions
  inventories, modeling come together
• will include cost/benefits analysis
• focus on PM-10 control technologies and
  evaluation techniques
• Health Assessment Tools- Jan 2005.

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Other Projects of USEPA and USAEP

• Undertaking demo diesel retrofit project for
  heavy vehicles
• Demo project for promoting LPG in Pune

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Expected Project Outcomes

• Development of ability to develop science-based
  action plans systemic approach
• Transfer of training modules to India
• Development of robust air quality assessment
  tools
• Create model Action Plan for Pune as example for
  other cities in India

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Other Initiatives

• PMC with facilitation from USAEP made Pune member
  of CAI-Asia in FY 2003
• Pune also selected by CAI-Asia to undertake
  PSUTA project

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Other Initiatives

• Work Undertaken by PMC and RTO
• Preparation of Comprehensive traffic and
  transportation plan.
• Area Traffic Control System to be implemented
  with the help of C-DAC Dept. of Information
  Technology.
• Road development such as concretization of roads
  etc.
• Plans to renew the fleet of buses and introduce
  LPG buses in the PMT fleet and catalytic
  converter.
• Restriction on movement of certain kind of
  vehicles

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Other Initiatives

• Ban on plying of heavy vehicles in the central
  area of the city during daytime.( Ban is
  effective on 17 selected routes)
• Construction of various projects of fly-overs,
  ROBs. (Out of 12 earmarked projects, 1 flyover
  completed, 2 in progress.)
• Phasing out old municipal transport buses. ( 200
  new buses replaced, hiring of 135 buses in
  progress)
• Environmental Education program Awareness
  program for school children initiated through
  NGOs .
• IRDP (Integrated Road Development Program) and
  ambitious program of Rs. 10000 Million to
  develop international standard roads
• Free pollution check up camps and exhibitions
  held regularly.

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Other Initiatives

• Study on Air Quality Monitoring and emission
  source apportionment studies by IOC and ARAI.
  Development of emission factors for different
  transport vehicles.
• MPCB has undertaken steps for development of
  action plan as per Supreme Court directive for
  3 cities in Maharashtra I.e. Mumbai, Pune and
  Solapur.
• Awareness campaign by NGOs.
• Traffic management measures initiated by Traffic
  Police Dept.

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This All Was Not Possible Without

• Effective coordination, support and cooperation
  of
• local network of stakeholders
• PMC ( Pune Municipal Corporation)
• UoP (University of Pune)
• RTA ( Road Transport Authority)
• Traffic Police Department.
• MPCB (Maharashtra Pollution Control Board)
• ARAI ( Automotive Research Association of India)
• SIAM ( Society of Indian Automotive
  Manufacturers)
• C-DAC ( Centre for Development in Advanced
  Computing)
• MCCIA (Maratha Chambers of Commerce and
  Industries
• NGOs like NIRDHAR
• IIT, NEERI, Oil Companies

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LOCAL NETWORK OF STAKEHOLDERS

• We have formed local network of stakeholders
  under the CAI-Asia program with facilitative
  support from US-AEP/USAID
• Organized various meetings to prepare the draft
  Implementation Plan.
• Set up AQM cell in PMC

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AQM Cell and Its responsibilities

• Develop roadmap for implementation of action plan
  with assigned responsibilities for the
  stakeholders.
• Get the same approved by the stakeholders
• Coordinate, facilitate and implement the action
  plan
• Organize monthly review meetings to brief the
  stakeholders on the work undertaken and take
  guidance from them
• Undertake awareness campaigns and technical
  training programs on air quality management.

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SUSTAINABILITY OF THE CELL

• The cell can generate revenues through organizing
  various technical training programs
• But the primary objective of the cell is to
  develop, facilitate and implement the roadmap to
  achieve better air quality in Pune, hence
• The Pune Municipal Corporation committed to
  develop a self sustainable AQM cell in next 5
  years.
• US-AEPs funding support for AQM cell for a year

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Thank You