Essential Nutrients and How They Become You

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Essential Nutrients and How They Become You

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Essential Nutrients (EN)

• Nutrients required, ready made in the diet
• We ______ synthesize (make) EN at all/or
• in sufficient quantities to meet our needs
• Non-essential Nutrients also are required for
• health, but we make them in the body
• Examples cholesterol, creatine, lecithin,
• carnitine, CoQ10, etc.

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Essential Nutrients (N6)

• 1. Carbohydrate organic(o), energy (nrg)
• 2. Lipid (fats/oils) o, nrg
• 3. Protein o,nrg, uniquecontains __
• 4. Vitamins (o) need small amts vit/min
• 5. Minerals neither provide energy
• inorganic (i)
• 6. Water (i) 1 component of BWt.

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Energy Nutrients

• Carbohydrate
• Lipid
• Protein
• Alcohol also provides energy, but is not
  considered an essential energy nutrient!

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Energy (nrg) Nutrients

• Nrg nutrients are
• organic
• contain carbon
• can be burned (oxidized) to make form of nrg
  cells can use (called ____)
• Cells use ATP to do their work
• This process is called _______ ________

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Nutrient Oxidation Equation

• nrg nutrient O2 ? H2O CO2 ATP Heat
• This rxn happens in a special part of the cell.
• There is a tiny bit of ATP produced in other
• ways.

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Nutrient Oxidation vs. Photosynthesis

• Nutrient Oxidation (animal function)
• nrg nutrient O2 ? H2O CO2 ATP heat
• (C, P, L) (nrg)
• Photosynthesis (green plant function)
• Sunlight H2O CO2 ? nrg nutrient O2
• (nrg) (exglucose)

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Plants!!!!!

• Ultimately all our Calories are solar
• in origin
• 2. Green plants convert it to a form we
• can use (how?)
• 3. Plants, with helper organisms also
• capture Nitrogen and put it into a form we
  can use
• Nitrogen is a part of which EN?

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• How much do we need of each nutrient?
• What standards are used?

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Nutrients How Much Needed?

• Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
• Inside front cover of text See text pg 1-12
  through 1-16
• Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
• 60 year history
• Cover needs of healthy US pop, consuming US diet
• Safety factor built in for all cept _____
• Goal intake between____ and 250 RDA

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Percent Daily Value (DV)

• DV
• Designed for use on nutrition labels
• Consumer tool to compare products
• Ex Which food has saturated fat?
• Assumes consumption of 2000 Calorie diet
• Rcd intake based on mid 1960s RDA
• Vits, mins, fats, fiber DV lt 5 low
• DV gt 20 high
• Goal is to get 100 DV daily

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• Adequate Intake (AI)
• More research needed before RDA set
• Tentative (best guess for now) RDA
• Tolerable Upper Level limits (UL)
• Maximum safe intake for vits/mins
• Higher intake may be unsafe!!!

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My Pyramid

• It is JUST a guide! Very Basic
• Take a look on line at www.mypyramid.gov
• Portions sizes can be confusing
• Most of the info is on-line
• Mixed foods (pizza stew) difficult to evaluate

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Summary

• Essential nutrients are ________in the diet
  premade
• Some nutrients (ie cholesterol, creatine) needed
  for health, but not needed in diet cuz we make
  them
• RDA, DV, AI, UL are all defined standards to ID
  nutrient needs and/or select a healthy diet