Shelter the Poor and the Right to the City through the Chilean experience

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Shelter the Poor and the Right to the
Citythrough the Chilean experience
Ana Sugranyes October 2009
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san bernardo
Since 1980, a financial policy has sheltered the
urban poor in Chile. The housing subsidy is now
implemented through out Latin America
puente alto
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• The purpose of this presentation
• Analyze the Chilean housing policy from the
  perspective of the
• Right to the City
• R2C

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• History of R2C
• France, at the end of the sixties
• Argentine, during the eighties
• At the First Planet Conference, 1992
• Since 2000
• Brazil, the Status of the City
• The Human Rights in the City
• UNESCO and the World Bank
• Constitution in Bolivia, Ecuador, Mexico DF
• MINURVI
• WUF 5

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• R2C
• in the context of
• real estate business
• privatization of the services
• individualization of society

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• Private benefits thanks to a public initiative
• 9 ZODUC 4.107 hás. USD 263 millions (1997)
• Land value has increased from 0.25 USD/m2 to 1.2
  USD/m2
• (Source Data and grafhics, Iván Poduje)

Before Plan Chacabuco After
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• R2C
• beyond
• the rights approach

H I C
Fundación Henry Dunant. Diplomado Internacional
de Especialización en Derechos Económicos,
Sociales y Culturales y Políticas Públicas
2008-2009
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• Charters to define
• obligations
• rights
• garantees
• from
• the State
• CSO

H I C
Fundación Henry Dunant. Diplomado Internacional
de Especialización en Derechos Económicos,
Sociales y Culturales y Políticas Públicas
2008-2009
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• R2C Principles
• urban democratic management
• social function of the city
• social function of the ownership
• full citizenship
• equity, no discrimination
• protection of the vulnerability
• private sectors social responsability
• fair trade
• progressive tax policies
• Source National Forum for Urban Reform, Brazil

H I C
Fundación Henry Dunant. Diplomado Internacional
de Especialización en Derechos Económicos,
Sociales y Culturales y Políticas Públicas
2008-2009
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• R2C
• in justice and equity

H I C
Fundación Henry Dunant. Diplomado Internacional
de Especialización en Derechos Económicos,
Sociales y Culturales y Políticas Públicas
2008-2009
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• Definition of the R2C
• The right to the redistribution of the benefits
  generated by the city H.
  Lefebvre
• The opportunity to change ourselves by changing
  the city
• 
  D.Harvey
• The right to the well being in the urban space
• 
  A. Rodriguez
  

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• Jordi Borja (1998)
• The citizens rigths
• a place where to live
• public space and beauty
• collective idendity
• mobility and accessibility
• from marginality to citizenship
• innovation and communication
• protection by the local government
• justice and security
• environment
• ilegality and civil disobedience

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• R2C
• in the context of
• urban conflicts,

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For further information, see www.hlrn.org
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Urban Conflicts in Santiago
For further
information, see www.sitiosur.cl
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san bernardo
Since 1980, the housing subsidy has sheltered
the urban poor in Chile. Hundred of thousands of
families are owners of low-cost and -quality
houses The model is now implemented through out
Latin America
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The housing subsidy has reduced the housing
deficit in Chile
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20 of the Santiago population ownes a 35 m2
dwelling granted by the state
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How this housing policy was possible?Social
and institutional stabilityLong tradition of the
States intervention in the housing deliveryLong
tradition of family savings schemesFinancial
policy defined by the military regime (1978)and
developed by the democratic governments (since
1990)
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How this housing policy was possible?Enabling
housing market and ensure the stability of the
Construction sector in the national
economy.Developing huge and homogenous urban
poor concentrations
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From 1980 to 2001, development of 200,000 units
in Santiago
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The main social housing clusters
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(No Transcript)
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The products and the perception of the dwellers
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(No Transcript)
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A 8 years old girl, living in a social housing,
drawing her memories from the slum.
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A 7 year old boy, coming from a slum, drawing
his new neighbourhood.
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Parece que el niño dibuja bien....
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Marta Brunet, El final de la ciudad
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Low-cost housing an exchange-value or its
use-value?
For some families the access to housing is the
achievement of a life long dream of having a
place to live in dignity. For others the access
to social housing represents a transitional phase
awaiting for better opportunities.
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Exchange value? The research shows the value of
the social housing stock is not increasing in the
housing market of Santiago.
The average of the land price in Santiago has
increased up to 800 between 1990 and 2005.
Valorización
For the owners of the social housing stock in
Santiago, the price of the unit has not
increased.
1990
Years
2005
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Use-value? 65 of the dwellers want to get
out of the house and the neighbourhood

• Why do they say they want to leave?
• The problems they identify
• Violence, drugs 52,6
• Image of the neighbourhood 21,6
  
• The dimensions of the dwelling 13,4
• No access to services and parks 3,6
• Others
  8,8

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If this housing stock does not correspond to
neither exchange-value nor use-value, what does
it mean? A building strategy for the building
companies (with 40 t0 60 benefit) and for the
statistic information (reduction of the housing
deficit) For the beneficiaries, insatisfaction
and frustration
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But, the dwellers have assets and capacities
There is a permanent investment in the social
housing stock The housing units, not the
neighbourhoods, areappropiated by the owners
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Se ocupa todo, los espacios comunes desaparecen
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The open space is invaded. It is a new version of
the slum.
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The open space is invaded. It is a new version of
the slum.
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When the State improves the neighbourhood,
the investments of the dwellers are destroyed
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What the State destroys,
reappears very quickly
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The investment goes on
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Capacities and assets of the dwellers are
considered as informality
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Living conditions in the social housing
stock an example
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Highest density of intra-family reported violence
Source Inner Ministery
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The correlation between highest density of
intra-family reported violence with the location
of the social housing stock
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(No Transcript)
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Bachelet government (2006-2010) implements a
new policy to improve the public space in the
homegeneous urban poor concentrations.
Quiero Mi Barrio
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