POS 316416 Latin American Politics 11012004

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POS 316/416 Latin American Politics - 11/01/2004

• http//faculty.roosevelt.edu/erickson/courses/pos3
  16-416/
• Outline/Annotated Bibliography.
• Reminder Due 11/15/2004 not 11/01/2004 as listed
  in syllabus.
• Questions re formatting and bibliography styles.
• Lecture/Discussion.
• Written assignments/discussion of Foweraker, et.
  al.
• Chapter 7 Political and Social Rights.
• Chapter 8 New Political Actors.
• Apply to video case.
• Cochabamba, Bolivia.
• Presentations.
• Valerie Runes Brazils homeless children
  population.
• Jonay Dvorak Brazil environmental movement.
• Spring Stuchl Human rights movement
  Argentina.
• Lecture/Discussion.
• Uruguay Elections (continued center left trend?)
  BBC.
• Preliminary Discussion of written assignment.
• Video Case.
• Frontline/World Leasing the Rain Cochabamba
  Bolivia - Water Revolt.

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POS 316/416 Latin American Politics - 11/01/2004

• Procedural vs. Social democracy.
• Cuban Revolution/Castro Regime interesting
  example of distinction between social and
  procedural democracy.
• Discussion at core of determining legitimacy of
  armed struggle, civil/social disorders,
  elections, government policies.
• Elaboration of debate between procedural and
  social democracy.
• Definitions of rights.
• Dramatic improvement in political rights last two
  decades.
• Social rights continue to lag.
• Relationship between political and social rights
  (w/o social rights can improvement in political
  rights be expected to continue?).
• Political.
• Participation and contestation.
• Codified, enforceable.
• Social.
• Substantive rights to guarantee best
  socioeconomic conditions/basic human existence.
• Codified (difficult), enforcement (barriers in
  market and command economies).

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POS 316/416 Latin American Politics - 11/01/2004

• .

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POS 316/416 Latin American Politics - 11/01/2004

• International Covenant on Economic, Social,
  Cultural Rights (ICESR).
• Member states legal obligations to provide social
  welfare.
• Limited enforcement mechanisms.
• UN Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural
  Rights.
• Monitoring social rights.
• OSCE Monitoring Elections.
• US 2000 and 2004 in comparative context.
• Even in wealthy democracies protection of
  political and social rights difficult.
• Relationship between social and political rights.
• Literacy/education and elections.
• Poverty and transportation to elections.
• Mapping political and social rights.
• 19th Century Latin America procedural democracy,
  oligarchical limitations on substantive
  democracy.
• Womens suffrage 1932-1967 (US federal/const.
  1920).
• Military regimes/emergency legislation
  suspension of political democratic rights, also
  social rights.

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POS 316/416 Latin American Politics - 11/01/2004

• Foweraker figures 7.1/7.2.
• Increasing democratization and transitions.
• Voter turnout, variable but best fit line shows
  trend.
• 70 Turnout 1997 much different that US 2000
  50, and projected 2004 turnout.
• Assessment that Latin America has strongly
  benefited from the 3rd Wave of democratization.
• Since 1989 all leaders of Latin America (except
  Cuba) democratically elected.
• Peaceful transfers of power except Peru and
  Ecuador.
• Social Rights.
• Progress much less even. World Bank maps 2001.
• Income/income distribution.
• Per capita income 1,500 in 1960 to 2,000 in 1980.
• Gini coefficient Figure 7.5 shows variability.
• IMF April 2004 update. (Figure 1.12)
• Gini coefficient for United States 45 (2004
  CIA).

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POS 316/416 Latin American Politics - 11/01/2004

• Explanations for regional variation in Gini
  coefficients.
• Initial Factor Endowments.
• Patrimonial elites.
• Rent seeking agents
• Land tenure (e.g. Latifundios).
• Economic oligarchy.
• Human Development Index.
• UNDP Website animations re HDI and other
  indicators.
• Health and Education.
• ECLAC.
• Food and Nutrition.
• FAO.
• Relationship Democracy, political rights, social
  rights.
• Gap between to aspects of democracy.
• Gap poses threat 1) power imbalances undermine
  equality 2) patterns of persistent inequality
  undermine substantive democracy 3)
  democratization does not necessarily deliver
  economic benefits.

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POS 316/416 Latin American Politics - 11/01/2004

• Chapter 8 New Political Actors.
• Political mobilization of previously marginalized
  groups.
• SMOs and NGOs.
• Independent of traditional party systems and
  corporatist organizations.
• Diverse array of actors
• Human rights.
• Feminist/womens movements.
• Indigenous organizations.
• Urban social movements.
• Gay/Lesbian/transgendered movements.
• Environmental.
• Independent labor.
• Peasant organizations.
• Art collectives.
• Alternative media.
• Student.
• Church.

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POS 316/416 Latin American Politics - 11/01/2004

• Chapter 8 New Political Actors.
• Generally referred to as civil society
• Voluntary non-state associations promoting civic
  behavior, social capital, social mobilization.
• Civil society not necessarily always good
  actors.
• Social movements rise (and fall) out of
  interaction with state and other major political
  actors.
• Civil Society/New Political Actors create new
  avenues for political expression.
• Growth of NGOs/SMOs common feature of third wave
  of democratization throughout planet.
• Foweraker et. al.s examination of political
  significance of actors addresses three concerns
• 1) What is new?
• 2) Impact on government and political system.
• 3) Evolution of organization form and linkages to
  global networks.

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POS 316/416 Latin American Politics - 11/01/2004

• Chapter 8 New Political Actors.
• 1) What is new?
• Explosion in number of groups and organizations
  presenting demands to the state.
• Mobilization around identity and cultural
  difference rather than economic or material
  demands.
• Distinctive/unique forms of organization.
• Adoption of democratic political discourses by
  new political actors.
• EZLN as example.

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POS 316/416 Latin American Politics - 11/01/2004

• Chapter 8 New Political Actors.
• 2) Impact on government and political system.
• Levels of impact.
• Constituencies.
• Raise levels of consciousness, organizational
  skills, tactics and strategies diffuse.
• Legal institutional Impact.
• Legislation, court decisions, party agendas,
  evolve into formal political parties.
• Diffusion of ideas (strategies, tactics,
  rhetoric) throughout polity and perhaps global
  impact.
• Major impact during periods of transition/crisis,
  during normal politics limits.
• Fowerakers et. al.s discussion draws largely on
  Tarrow (1994) Power in Movement.
• Case study of rise of womens movements in Latin
  America.
• Key points occupation of public spaces, gender
  and politics placed into national agendas, mixed
  success (co-optation, bureaucratization).

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POS 316/416 Latin American Politics - 11/01/2004

• Chapter 8 New Political Actors.
• 3) Evolution of organization form and linkages to
  global networks.
• Popular participation has expanded.
• Disrupts but has not supplanted clientelism and
  corporatism but exists in conjunction with formal
  and informal traditional political system.
• Politicizes many new social, cultural issues.
• an infinite number of decision-making arenas.
• New concepts of citizenship and rights.
• Linkages to INGOs to form transnational advocacy
  networks.
• Relationship between NGOs and SMOs. NGOs are
  bureaucratized forms or spin outs of SMOs.
• International foundations have funded in three
  areas
• Environment, children at risk, microenterprises.
• Tensions between movements and organizations.
• Autonomy versus representation w/n formal
  political system.
• Internal organization to maintain democratic.