Glucose

1
Glycolysis
Glucose
ATP
ADP
-2 ATP
ATP
ADP
T3P
2
Glycolysis simplified
Glucose
2 NAD
2 NADH 2 H
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 Pyruvate
2 CoASH 2 NAD
2 CO2 2 NADH 2 H
2 Acetyl-CoA
3
O2
TCA / Respiration
2C
Acetyl-CoA
4C
CoASH
OAA
Citrate
NADH H
6C
NAD
Isocitrate
Malate
NAD
Fumarate
NADH H
CO2
FADH2
2-KG
FAD
Succinate
CoASH NAD
Succinyl- CoA
CoASH
NADH H
ATP
CO2
ADP
4C
4
TCA / Respiration simplified
18 ATP 6 NAD
4 ATP 2 FAD
5
An alternative
Acetate Fermentation
2 Acetyl-CoA
Pi
2 CoASH
2 AcetylP
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 Acetate
6
Respiration
Glucose
2 NAD
6 ATP 2 NAD
2 NADH 2 H
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 Pyruvate
2 CoASH 2 NAD
6 ATP 2 NAD
2 CO2 2 NADH 2 H
2 Acetyl-CoA
2 CoASH
18 ATP 6 NAD
6 NADH 6 H
4 ATP 2 FAD
2 FADH2 2 H
2 ATP
38 ATP
7
To recycle NAD sacrifice energy (ATP)
Glucose
2 NAD
2 NADH 2 H
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 Pyruvate
2 Acetyl-CoA
2 Pi
2 CoASH
4 ATP
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 Acetate
8
To recycle NAD sacrifice energy (ATP)
Glucose
2 NAD
2 NADH 2 H
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 Pyruvate
9
To generate ATP or to recycle NAD Redox state of
the carbon source matters
10
To generate ATP or to recycle NAD Redox state of
the carbon source matters
11
Getting Glucose In Phosphosugar Transferase
System PTS
Glucose
CM
EIIC
P
P
EIIB
EIIA
HPr
EI
PEP
P
P
Glucose-6-P
EIIB
EIIA
HPr
EI
Pyr
12
Glycolysis PTS
Glucose
ATP
ADP
2 T3P
2 NAD
GAPDH
2 NADH 2 H
2 ADP
2 ATP
2 PEP
ADP
ATP
Pyruvate
13
Consequences of the PTS
Aerobic fermentation Bacterial Crabtree
Effect Overflow metabolism Mixed acid fermentation
14
Consequences of the PTS mechanism
Glucose
CM
EIIC
P
P
EIIB
EIIA
HPr
EI
PEP
P
P
Glucose-6-P
EIIB
EIIA
HPr
EI
Pyr
6 NADH 6 H
2 FADH2 2 H
2 ATP
15
More consequences of the PTS
Glucose
CM
EIIC
P
P
EIIB
EIIA
HPr
EI
PEP
P
P
Glucose-6-P
EIIB
EIIA
HPr
EI
Pyr
CM
16
Signaling by Acetate Fermentation
Acetyl-CoA
Pi
CoASH
AcetylP
ADP
ATP
Acetate
17
Signaling by Acetate Fermentation An example
Acetyl-CoA
Pi
CoASH
AcetylP
Capsule
ADP
ATP
Acetate
Flagella
AcetylP helps regulate the transition from
free-swimming individual planktonic to sessile
community biofilms
18
Signaling by Acetate Fermentation Another example
Acetyl-CoA
Pi
CoASH
AcetylP
ADP
ATP
Acetate
AcetylP helps regulate the transition from
free-swimming individual planktonic to sessile
community biofilms
19
Acetate Switch
Glucose
2 NAD
2 NADH 2 H
2 ADP
2 ATP
Pyruvate
CoASH NAD
CO2 NADH H
Acetyl-CoA
AcetylP
Acetate
ACS acetyl-CoA synthetase
20
Acs activity depends on NAD
Acetyl-CoA
AMP
Acs
CoASH
AcAMP
PPi
Acs
ATP
Acetate
Must regenerate NAD How?
21
Regenerating NAD
GAPDH
glc
Pyr
Acetyl-CoA
NAD
NADH
LDH
Lactate
22
The Whole Shebang