The Carolina Abecedarian Early Intervention Project

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Early Childhood Intervention Programs.wmv
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The Carolina Abecedarian Early Intervention
Project

• A longitudinal study to assess the efficacy of
  early childhood intervention programs

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Purpose

• Potential benefits of early intervention
• Children of high-risk families
• Age of onset of education
• Duration of intervention

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Project Design
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Preschool Segment
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K-2 Segment
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Results

• Intelligence
• Academic Achievement
• Success in Life

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IQ Assessment
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Reading Scores
Age 8
Age 15
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Math Scores
Age 8
Age 15
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Life Successes
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Related Links

• The Carolina Abecedarian Project HOME
• Abecedarian Published Brochure
• New Adult Adaptation Study

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References

• Campbell, F. A., Pungello, E. P., Miller-Johnson,
  S., Burchinal, M. Ramey, C. T. (2001). The
  development of cognitive and academic abilities
  Growth curves from an early childhood educational
  experiment. Developmental Psychology, 37, 2,
  231-242.
• Campbell, F. A. Ramey, C. T. (1994). Effects of
  early intervention on intellectual and academic
  achievement A follow-up study of children from
  low-income families Electronic Version. Child
  Development, 65, 684-698.
• Campbell, F. A., Ramey, C. T., Pungello, E.
  Sparling, J., Miller- Johnson, S. (2002). Early
  childhood education Young adult outcomes from
  the Abecedarian Project Electronic Version.
  Applied Developmental Science, 6(1), 42-57.
• Neisser, U. et al. (1995). Intelligence knowns
  and unknowns Report of APA task force. American
  Psychologist, 51.
• Ramey, C. T., Campbell, F. A., Burchinal, M.,
  Skinner, M. L., Gardner, D. M., Ramey, S. L.
  (2000). Persistent effects of early childhood
  education on high-risk children and their
  mothers Electronic Version. Applied
  Developmental Science, 4(1), 2-14.

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Head Start

• A look at the short-term and long-term effects

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Background

• Created in 1965 under the Johnson Administration
• Initially served primarily African American
  students from very poor backgrounds
• Head Start now serves approx. 900,000 students
  nationwide
• It has served more than 23 million children since
  it began

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Guidelines

• Head Start will accept any 3- and 4-year old
  children that are eligible
• Often a very long waiting list
• To be eligible, families must fall under the
  poverty threshold.
• For example
• 4 person family20,000
• 5 person family23,400

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The 7 Objectives of Head Start

• To improve the childs physical health and
  physical abilities
• To help the emotional and social development of
  the child
• To improve the childs mental processes and
  skills
• To establish patterns and expectations of success
  
• To increase the childs capacity to relate
  positively to family members and others, while at
  the same time strengthening the family stability
  and capacity to relate positively to the child
• To develop in the child and his/her family a
  responsible attitude toward society, and to
  foster constructive opportunities for society to
  work together with the poor in solving their
  problems
• To increase the sense of dignity and self-worth
  within the child and his/her family

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Short-Term Results

• Study by Lee, Brooks-Gunn, and Schnur (1988)
• Evaluated 3 groups of children
• Head Start students, students who attended other
  preschool programs, and students who did not
  attend any preschool
• Evaluated using 4 tests
• Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)
• Caldwell Preschool Inventory (PI)
• Motor Inhibition Test (MI)
• Eight Block Sorting Test

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Short-Term Results

• The Head Start students made the largest gain in
  scores in the PPVT, PI, and MI tests
• The Head Start students made the second largest
  gain in the Eight Block Toy Sort
• Head Start scores after 1 year were still below
  the 2 other groups on 3 tests, but Head Start
  group outscored both groups on the Motor
  Inhibition Test

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Long-Term Results

• Study by Garces, Thomas, and Currie (2000)
• Examined non-experimental research on 4,000
  children who had attended Head Start schools
  since its inception
• Aim To discover whether or not participation in
  Head Start results in greater economic or social
  success later in life
• 4 Questions
• Completion of High School
• Attended some college
• Income (between age 22-24)
• Charged or convicted of any crime

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Long-Term Results

• Controlled for family background
• High School Completion
• Head Start 6.0 more likely than stay-at-home
  students
• Other preschool 3.0 more likely than
  stay-at-home
• Attended Some College
• Head Start 7.5 more likely than stay-at-home
• Other Preschool 2.3 more likely
• Income
• Head Start earned 17 more than stay-at-home
• Other Preschool earned 2 more than stay-at-home
• Charged or Convicted of Crime
• Head Start 1.2 more likely than stay-at-home
• Other Preschool 0.1 less likely than
  stay-at-home

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Montessori Education
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Maria Montessori

• 1896 first female doctor in Italy
• uneducable
• 1900 first school for challenged
• 1907 directed first daycares in slum

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Philosophy

• Multiple Intelligences
• Empowerment
• Equality
• Community of Learners
• Freedom within limits
• Ability to choose
• Intrinsic Motivation

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Method

• Language
• Sensory
• Mathematics
• Culture
• Practical
• Peace corner

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Method

• Work plan
• 3 hour uninterrupted period
• Teacher guidance
• Teacher observation
• Small teacher to kid ratio
• Two most common age groups
• birth to 3
• 3 to 6

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Effectiveness

• Intrinsic motivation for academic tasks
• (Rathunde Csikszentmihalyi, 2005)
• Case studies (Korfmacher Spicer, 2002)
• Comparison studies (Miller Bizzell, 1984)
• Traditional, Bereiter-Englemann, DARCEE
• Disadvantaged children (Wexley et al., 2001)

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MontessoriActivities
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South America
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Teaching Language

• Double Letter Sounds

eh er ie no
que sh th ue
oa oo or oy
ai ar au ee
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MontessoriActivities