Anatomy (B) Anatomy and Physiology (C)

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Anatomy (B)Anatomy and Physiology (C)

• Mangala Iyengar
• 10/3/09
• Science Olympiad Coaches Institute

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The Event

• Covers anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the
  skeletal and muscular systems (and endocrine, for
  Division C)
• Includes process skills and memorization
• 1 2-sided page of notes allowed

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Test Format

• Timed Stations
• Case Studies
• Data Analysis
• Passage Analysis (Division C)

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Study Focuses

• Critical Thinking and Logical Reasoning
• Integration of Systems the big picture
• Pathology as a window to physiology
• Speed
• Memorization is important and necessary but it
  isnt enough.

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Resources

• Campbells Biology
• NCSO Event Resources
• Wikipedia
• http//www.tufts.edu/as/wright_center/products/sci
  _olympiad/sci_olympiad.html - older practice
  events and coaches clinics for various events.
• http//soinc.org/
• http//www.lakesideschool.org/upperschool/communit
  y/scienceolympiad/resources.html - good
  compilation of links

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Tournament Strategies

• Dont split systems between teammates
• Write down questions on your sheet so you can
  answer them later
• Bring a watch to time yourself at stations.
• Dont panic if you dont know the answer off the
  bat try to reason your way through

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Concept Review
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Mock Event Part 1

• Directions will be on the projector screen
  follow Anatomy or Health Science instructions as
  appropriate.
• 1st portion Anatomy Stations, Health Case
  Studies. Stations are in this power point case
  studies is further back in the notebook.

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Anatomy Station 1

• 1. Match each picture to the type of muscle
  tissue it represents

.
a.
c
b
2. What purpose do the intercalated discs serve
in cardiac muscle?

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Anatomy Station 2

• Parathyroid Hormone (also known as parathormone)
  is a hormone released from the parathyroid glands
  that regulates the levels of calcium in the
  blood. When calcium concentrations in the blood
  get low, parathyroid hormone sends signals to a
  particular type of bone cell.
• What do osteoclasts do?
• What do osteoblasts do?
• Which of the cells do you think are receiving the
  signal from parathyroid hormone?
• What do you think these cells are doing in
  response?

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Anatomy Station 3

• What happens to cardiac muscle when a person
  performs moderate aerobic exercise over a period
  of several months?
• Weightlifters increase their muscle size over
  time. Does this result from an increase in the
  number of muscle cells or an increase in the
  number of muscle fibers?

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Anatomy Station 4

1. What are the units of compact bone?
2. What are the large dark spots?
3. What are the small dark spots?

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Mock Event Part 2

• Health Science stations will be up on the
  projector Anatomy will be doing case studies

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Health Science Station 1

• Under what conditions does parathyroid hormone
  send messages to cells in the bone?
• What type of bone cell is most likely to receive
  the signal from parathyroid hormone?
• What do you think these cells are doing in
  response?
• How does the cellular response to the release of
  parathyroid hormone maintain homeostasis?

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Health Science Station 2

• Which of the following do blood vessels and
  nerves run through in bone?
• Which of the following are connecting tunnels
  between osteocytes?
• Which of the following house osteocytes?
• Which of the following house chondrcytes?
• Word bank for questions 1-4 Lacunae
• Colliculi
• Osteal canals
• Central Canals
• Canaliculi
• Lacunae
• 5. Open ended Would it hurt less to pierce your
  belly button or your ears? Why?

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Health Science Station 3

• In the disease called Amyotrophic Lateral
  Sclerosis, motor neurons die off and stop sending
  signals to muscles. What is the most likely thing
  that will happen to muscles as a result?
• What is the major event that allows a neural
  signal from a motor neuron to pass to muscles?

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Health Science Station 4

1. What is wrong with this person?
2. Circle the part of the X-ray that allowed you to
   diagnose the person
3. List 3 symptoms that this patient might be
   experiencing.
4. Name one activity that this person should
   probably avoid.

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Questions?