IMPLEMENTATION OF MALE DECLARATION ENTERING INTO THE 2ND STEP

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Transbundary air pollution in Asia towards
prevention / mitigation
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Male Declaration

• Development
• March 1998 Policy Dialogue
• April 1998 Adoption of the Declaration
• Implementation
• Phase I Awareness and preparation of the
  baseline information
• Phase II Local capacity development for
  monitoring and analysis
• Member states

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Phase III Objectives

• Strengthen the regional cooperation and
  stakeholders participation under the Malé
  Declaration
• Strengthen the capacity building programmes
  initiated during Phase II
• Enhance the capacity of NIAs on emission
  inventory development and Integrated Assessment
  Modeling
• Enhance the analytical and impact assessment
  capability at the national level through
  integration of findings from local pollution
  studies and conducting assessment studies
• Provide decision support information for policy
  formulation and air pollution prevention and
• Raise awareness for action through targeted
  dissemination

IG 6 October 2004, Tehran, Iran
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Regional Cooperation

• Intergovernmental meeting, stakeholders meeting
  cum coordination meeting
• Participating countries have initiated the
  process of understanding issues arising from
  transboundary air pollution
• Coordination meeting need to be continued
• Air pollution related initiatives in South Asia
  need to be encouraged to participate
• National Advisory Committee and National
  Stakeholders meetings could coordinate the air
  pollution related activities at the national
  level
• Evaluation with a focus on ownership
• Capacity building
• Organizational structure
• Financial sustainability

IG 7 October 2005, Delhi, India
IG 8 September 2006, Thimphu, Bhutan
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Monitoring monitoring sites
Introduced Ozone monitoring
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Capacity Building on Monitoring

• National Training programmes
• Four technical personnel from the Department of
  Meteorology and eight technical personnel from
  Pak-EPA were trained on sampling and analysis of
  air pollutants.
• Nine technical personnel from DoE, Bangladesh
  were trained on operating AAS

In-country Training December 2005, Islamabad,
Pakistan
In-country February 2006 Kulna, Bangladesh
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Capacity Building on Monitoring

• Regional Training Programme
• Fourth Regional training programme
• - introduced the QA/QC
• - Provided recommendations for the review of
  monitoring methods

Regional Training Programme March 2006, RRCAP,
Bangkok
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Emission inventory and modeling

• Training workshop on emission inventory, scenario
  development, and Integrated modeling
• Emissions inventory manual accompanied by a
  workbook (Excel) for compilation
• Input for the development of a comprehensive
  manual for the development of emission scenarios
• Introduction of MATCH model for atmospheric
  transport/transformation and deposition, and
  HYSPLIT model for air mass trajectory computation
• An integrated information and assessment system
  (IIAS) and Users Manual
• Trained personnel from all the participating
  countries on emission inventory and integrated
  assessment model

Training workshop July 2006, RRCAP
Integrated Information and Assessment System
(IIAS)
Newsgroups MD_IIAS_at_rrcap.unep.org
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Impact Assessment

• FOCUS AREAS
• Develop urban integrated assessment capacity
• Strengthen knowledge on human health impact
  assessment
• Strengthen knowledge on crop impact assessment
• Strengthen knowledge on corrosion impact
  assessment, model

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EANET
East Asia Network on Acid Deposition (EANET)
Four experts meetings were held in East Asia
from 1993 to 1997 to discuss the issue of acid
deposition. The First Intergovernmental Meeting
(IG1) was held in 1998 and agreed to establish
EANET.
Ten countries, which include China, Indonesia,
Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Republic
of Korea, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam started
the preparatory phase activities from 1998-2000
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4.2 EANET Member countries
Myanmar has joined the network
Participation 14 countries in East Asian region,
which includes Northeast and Southeast Asia, that
expressed at the Second Intergovernmental Meeting
their intention to participate in the Network
Started intensive monitoring on common standards
with sharing of data and expertise
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4.2 EANET Institutional Arrangement
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4.2 Monitoring Network under EANET
Additional monitoring stations has been
established in Cambodia and Lao
Banryu(Japan)
Mondy(Russia)
Los Banos(Philippines)
Terelj(Mongolia)
Hoa Binh(Viet Nam)
Kosan(R.of Korea)
Jakarta/EMC(Indonesia)
Zhuhai(China)
Bangkok/ERTC(Rhailand)
Tanah(Malaysia)
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EANET Future focus

• Information for policy makers
• Medium-term plan
• Regional scientific seminar on acid deposition

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Aerosol Particulates

• Haze at 5km up to 3km high
• Size of continental US
• Covering Indian Ocean, South Asia, Southeast Asia
  and China

Source V. Ramanathan
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Brown Cloud Chemical Composition
Ramanathan et al, 2001 Lelieveld et al, 2001
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Project ABC
International Programme IPCC IGBP WHO WMO
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Major Components of Project ABC

• The project ABC comprised of 3 major programmes
• Observation establishment of a network of ground
  based monitoring stations across the Asia and
  Pacific region for data collection and capacity
  building.
• Impact assessment assessment of the potential
  impacts of ABC on agriculture, water, and health
  using the data from the monitoring stations.
• Awareness and mitigation provide science-based
  information for policy makers to mitigate
  atmospheric pollution.

Monitoring
Assessment of impact on crop, health and water
budget
Awareness Mitigation
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Observatories

• Established new observatories
• Upgraded existing observatories

Source V. Ramanathan
Aerosol properties Precipitation chemistry
Gaseous species Solar radiation Meteorological
parameters
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Pioneer Effort - UAVs
October November 2004 February March 2006 in
Hanimadhoo, Maldives

• UAVs
• Dornier aircraft sampled air masses from almost
  all regions of Asia.
• Recent Field campaigns
• Maldives Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
  Campaign (MAC) in South Asia March 2006
• East Asian Regional Experiment (ABC-EAREX2005) in
  East Asia Feb.-Apr. 2005
• ABC-Post Monsoon Experiment (APMEX-2004) in South
  Asia Oct.-Nov. 2004

Successful flight with UAV for air sampling
Source Prof. Ramanathan
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Impact Assessment

• First Impact Assessment workshop, December 2005,
  Bangkok, Thailand
• Established an ABC Impact Assessment Team

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ABC Training School 2006
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Towards Prevention/mitigation
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REQUIRES MAJOR SHIFT
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Science and Policy Parallel Process
Future
Efforts
Today
Mitigation Rehabilitation
Prevention
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New vehicle excise tax structure in Thailand
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Eco-housing

• (i) Case studies
• Provided technical support for an eco-village
  demonstration project in Sri Lanka
• (ii) Good practices
• Identify the areas for pollution control and
  abatement in each of the participating countries
  
• Collate success stories (for pollution control
  and abetment)
• Dissemination of success stories in the
  participating countries.

Eco village was opened by the President of Sri
Lanka in March 2006