Coastal planning experiences for aquaculture in Galicia

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Coastal planning experiences for aquaculture in
Galicia
Mª Rosa Chapela Pérez CETMAR
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Summary

• Outline
• Workshop summary (papers) and seminary summary
• Experiences in
• Raft planning
• Parks planning
• Farms planning

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GALICIA
GALICIA

• Surface 30.000 Km 2
• Inhabitants 2,7 million
• Coastline 1.200 Km.

SPAIN
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GALICIA
Marine Aquaculture

• Facilities 4.700 units
• Employment 10.000 people
• Production 255.000 Tm.
• Value 193 million  
• 2.003

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Litoral
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Batea 1 flotador
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Stolt camariñas
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Arousas Bay

• The greatest amount of marine culture by square
  metre (m2) is concentrated into this bay
• 20 polygons of rafts (2.320 mussel rafts and 132
  oyster rafts)
• 1.283 culture parks (Clam culture)
• 7 marine farms (turbot)
• 3 hatcheries (molluscs)
• 5 fish cages
• 18 beds, 37 cleaning plant for molluscs
• Tourism (beaches, marinas)
• Port of general interest (oil tanks, goods, )
  and several small fishing ports
• Fishing, shellfish gathering
• 8 Important local entities

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CZM Project its the key we need to manage
coastline to reserve apt zones for aquaculture
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Coastal Zone Management and Aquaculture

• Coastline sectorial planning
• Port planning
• Aquaculture planning areas of interest for
  shellfish gathering and aquaculture
• Tourist planning
• Town planning
• Fishing planning
• Intertidal planning
• Environmental planning
• But not integrated coastal zone management
  (intertidal, maritime and terrestrial zone
  together)

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Coastal Zone Management and Aquaculture

• In Galicia
• Marine culture Polygons of rafts
• Food Technology Parks (preparation)
• Marine culture parks planning
• Water quality management

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Galician workshop results

• We have divided the workshop in Galicia into two
  sections
• Seminar with the administrations responsible
  with competences in the coastline
• Seminar with responsibles of coastal planning
  focused on aquaculture and experiences in Ireland
  and Norway

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Galician workshop results

• First. Seminar with responsibles
• Fisheries department
• Environment department
• Heritage department
• Town-planning department
• Tourism department
• Coast department
• Ports department
• City Council
• Private associations OPMEGA (Mussel Aquaculture
  Organization)

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Galician workshop results

• 1º- Each representative made a 15 minutes
  presentation about their competences in the
  coastline.
• 2º- Discussion among those presents
• 3º- Drawing up conclusions and proposals for the
  future

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Galician workshop results

• Conclusions
• Never until the present the competent
  administration in the coastline have met
• Ignorance among them about the activities that
  they develop
• Lack of fluency in information management
• Delay in starting proceedings
• Interest incompatibility
• Lack of interest for the most sensitive actions
  (fishing, tourism, heritage) above all, from the
  administration with competences in territorial
  management.
• Incompatible legislation among departments

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Galician workshop results

• 2nd part of the workshop Workshop titled
• Aquaculture and other coastal economic
  activities towards consensus and compromise in
  coastal zone management

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Galician workshop results

• We divided the seminar into two parts
• General coastal zone management (policy and
  needs)
• Aquaculture and coastal zone management
• Galician experiences in CZM
• Aquaculture planning in maritime zone (Rafts
  polygons)
• Aquaculture planning in terrestrial zone (Parks
  of Food Technology)
• Other experiences in CZM
• Planning experiences by Spanish Fisheries
  Ministry
• The Irish aquaculture industry and CZM
• HASUT CZM Projects in Norway

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Galician workshop results

• Responsible of JACUMAR (National Marine Farming
  Advisory Board) in aquaculture planning (Mr.
  Ramón Jordana)
• In Catalonia GIS Fishing
• Geographical Information System from Fisheries
  department of the regional Government in
  Catalonia.

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Galician workshop resultsGIS Fishing

• GIS objectives
• Starting point GIS appears from the need for
  obtaining organized information of the maritime
  facilities location.
• Dispersed works
• Heterogeneous and little cartography
• Difficulty of information exchanging

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Galician workshop resultsGis Fishing

• To provide the Fisheries Department of the
  Regional Government with an agile and quick
  instrument distributed to set up, to manage and
  consult different geographical databases.
• Including all the necessary information for
  decision-taking according to the following needs
• Management of coastline resources
• Water quality commercial products
• Aquaculture facilities location
• Fleet control
• Sports activities control
• Artificial reefs location and monitoring
• Production areas delimited protection
• Carry out sectorial studies
• Report creation
• Information dissemination to the public

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Coastal planning for culture in cages in the
Spanish coastline

• National Plan of cages culture (JACUMAR).
• Fixing suitable areas for aquaculture
• Project phases
• Definitions, establishment of parameters
  (oceanographic, physical and biological)
• Technical needs (diving equipment, samples
  taking, analysis, information digitalization)
• Cartography, GIS
• Data collection (samplings)
• Results Cartography of data obtained
• Formats (paper, CD)

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Coastal planning for culture in cages in the
Spanish coastline

• Plan procedure
• Send to all coastal Councils and organisms with
  competences
• Public information
• Analysis and inclusion of comments received.
• Approval by the Governing Council

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Coastal planning for culture in cages in the
Spanish coastline

• Planning contents
• Limits to the declaration of suitable areas.
• Suitable for which culture?
• Public recognition of suitable areas
• Areas of interest for marine culture
• Aquaculture and other coastline uses
• Overall planning

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Galician aquaculture planning

• Responsible of aquaculture department in regional
  government
• Experiences in maritime planning
• Experiences in terrestrial planning
• Experiences in intertidal planning

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Galician aquaculture planning

• Galician experiences in aquaculture planning are
  developed.
• But, terrestrial aquaculture planning is still in
  process
• Food Technology Parks in Galician coast

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CZM and aquaculture farms

• Why Food Technology Parks?
•  First, there are fish farms of different
  companies. They need to extend and share their
  facilities. The existing facilities could
  increase their productive capacities in the
  current locations increasing the areas destined
  for culture, or the density by means of
  technological improvements.
• On the other hand, to locate all the future fish
  farms or hatcheries in Food Technology Parks.
•  

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CZM and aquaculture farms

• Food Technology Parks are born with the intention
  of managing the coastline, and delimiting the
  coastal zones to build facilities dedicated to
  aquaculture.
• The objective is to concentrate all of the
  aquaculture activities in reserved areas and
  suitable for aquaculture
• The tool to design these Parks is a Plan, a
  legal tool to manage the littoral, through the
  following criteria
•   Environmental.
•    Urban development.
•    Technician - biological.
• Social

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CZM and aquaculture farms

• Environmental criteria
• To avoid especial landscape value zones
• To avoid natural parks
• To avoid red nature zones
• This parks must be located at a minimum of 3,5 Km
  from any urban or industrial pollution site, and
  far away from rivers.

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CZM and aquaculture farms

• Technician and biological criteria
• Minimum surface 6 ha
• Areas with different levels of salinity must be
  avoided.

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CZM and aquaculture farms

• Urban development aspects
• Minimum distance between parks must be respected
• Minimum criteria for water collection
• Criteria for water temperature (10ºC a 21 ºC)
• To avoid residential areas.
• To choose places close to transport networks to
  help distribution
• Places close to power and telecommunications
  network

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CZM and aquaculture farms

• Social Criteria
• To avoid social interest zones or traditional
  maritime zones
• To avoid tourist zones
• To avoid conflicts among stakeholders, regional
  and local public administrations

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CZM and aquaculture farms

• Plans objects
• Sector plans have the purpose of establish the
  general conditions for the future development of
  infrastructures, endowments and facilities in the
  area of Galician Region
• This Sector Plan of Territorial Management for
  aquaculture tries to arrange the uses map of the
  Galician littoral
• This is an instrument of land management with a
  great effect on the urban development management,
  designed by the local planning. It needs
  coordination from the organisms who are in charge
  of territorial management.
• This plan must guarantee that the facilities are
  in accordance with the landscape and the
  environment.

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CZM and aquaculture farms

• Once the Park is approved, the companies that
  want to be located inside a Food Technology Park
  must fulfill the following criteria
• They must guarantee that their spilt to the sea
  is in accordance with the environmental
  regulations
• They must share the well of captation.
• Maintenance cost will run at the expense of the
  Parks agent.
• The Project will contemplate the execution of the
  infrastructure's common networks (roads,
  parking,salt and sweet water supply,power supply,
  communications, etc), not forgetting the access
  for heavy transport and withdrawal of residues,
  and common services areas.
• Any company located in the park must implement an
  environmental management system based on ISO or
  EMAS

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Maritime planning for maritime aquaculture
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Rafts planning
Square for each raft
Nombre Nando II Nº Cuadrícula 2
Polygon
Distrit
District
Distrito Portonovo
0
Polígono C
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Rafts planning

• Object
• To offer more suitable culture zones
• To achieve better species profitability
• Sustainable Raft exploitation
• Planning board
• Revision and Planning Commission (Fisheries
  Administration, Private association,etc)
• Juntas de Distrito Marítimo (similar composition)

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Polígono bateas
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Maritime planning aquaculture in numbers

• Since 1986 to 2001
• 3.400 rafts planned in 48 polygons
• Inversion 2,5 million

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Maritime planning aquaculture

• Positive aspects
• Planning is in accordance to sector interests
• Management allowed the administrative
  regularization of rafts (legal situation)
• Rafts have been located equidistant inside the
  polygon (facilitating the development of other
  activities into the Bay, i.e. navigation,)
• The planning has reserved the best zones and the
  more productive zones for aquaculture

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Maritime planning aquaculture

• Pending problems
• To determinate the optimum level of culture
• To solve the problem of excess of rafts in some
  Bays. (problems to charge capacity or production
  capacity)
• The environmental problems caused by the big
  number of maritime aquaculture rafts
• To include the rafts planning into the ICZM of
  the Galician bays.

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Intertidal planning aquaculture

• The intertidal planning is reduced to a small
  zone in Galician littoral focused on clam culture

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Intertidal planning aquaculture
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Intertidal planning aquaculture

• From 1.800 culture parks for clams we have today
  900 more profitable....

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Intertidal planning aquaculture

• In Galicia, it is very important shellfish
  gathering activity,(5.600 employments)
• This activity is developed through shellfish
  authorisations or concessions
• Fisheries government want to start to manage and
  plan these areas for clam and cockle semi-culture
  (improving nature production)

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• Thank you very much for your attention
• Rosa Chapela Pérez
• rchapela_at_cetmar.org