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INVASIONS The invasion potential of alien plant
species risk management concept
Wanda Born3, Dorothee Ortner3, Harald Auge1,
Christina Belle1, Roland Brandl2, Martin
Brändle2, Bernd Hansjürgens3, Wolfgang Köck3,
Felix Rauschmayer3, Christel Ross1, Herwig
Unnerstall3 1 UFZ - Centre for Environmental
Research Leipzig-Halle, 2 University of
Marburg, 3 UFZ - Centre for
Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department
of Community Ecology, Department of Animal
Ecology Dept. Department of Economics, Sociology
and Law Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle,
Germany Philipps-Universität Marburg Permoser
Str. 15, D- 04318 Leipzig , Germany Karl-von-F
risch-Str., D-35032 Marburg
draft of instruments and approaches of a risk
management concept (involved subprojects (sp) -
see poster the invasion potential of alien plant
species in Germany Identification, assessment,
risk management- are marked in brackets)
base of concept Convention on Biological
Diversity Art. 8 lit. h Each contracting party
shall, as far as possible and as appropriate
prevent the introduction of, control or eradicate
those alien species which threaten ecosystems,
habitats or speciesa.
Guiding principle 2b recommends the three-stage
hierarchical approach implementing art. 8. h 1.
prevention 2. eradication 3. control
before introduction PREVENTION
intentional introduction (intended introduction
for trade, utilization e.g. Mahonia aquifolium
in horticulture)
unintentional introduction (accidental
introduction by trade, tourism, transport e.g.
Senecio inaequidens DC. seeds in wool)
U F Z C E N T R E F O R E N V I R O N M E N T
A L R E S E A R C H L E I P Z I G - H A L L E
no knowledge whether factual or not, nor
potential invasive
factual invasive
potential invasive
precautionary approach if measure is 1.
realizable (appropriate measure) (sp 5) 2.
economically reasonable (sp 4)
risk assessment
precautionary approach
prohibition (exception clause possible)
prevention possible IMO-guidelines for release
of ship ballast water not in harbors but at sea.

• economic assessment (sp 4)
• - addressing economic effects of potential
  impacts
• assessment and verification of economic effects
• reasonable ratio of costs and benefits of
  measures

• ecological traits (sp 1 sp 2 sp 3)
• predator available
• combination of traits for potential invasiveness
• invasibility of habitats
• already invasive in other countries

prevention not possible ban of international
WTO- trade and transport.
after introduction PREVENTION FAILED
factual not invasive
potential invasive
factual invasive
acceptance e.g. Matricaria discoidea
monitoring (sp 1 sp 2) e.g. Senecio inaequidens
mitigation e.g. Heracleum mantegazzianum

• eradication if (sp 4)
• early stage of invasion
• small and localized population

Heracleum mantegazzianum
containment ( limitation of population spread)
(sp 3, sp 4)
control ( limitation of impact increase) (sp 1
sp 2 sp 3, sp 4)
Senecio inaequidens is a typical plant that has
to be monitored. Though it has not been invasive
yet, it has been spreading alongside rails,
highways and in settlements and dumps within the
last three decades .
UFZ - CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LEIPZIG-HALLE

• use of terms
• invasive refers to an alien species whose
  introduction and spread threatens ecosystems,
  habitats or species. Natural science defines
  invasive without the connotation of threat.
  Here, we use it in the first sense.
• COP to the CBD, 2002 Decision VI/23.

Sponsored by
Research funded by the project INVASIONS The
invasion potential of alien plant species in
Germany identification, assessment and risk
management