SLEEP DISORDERS

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SLEEP DISORDERS
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The Study of Sleep

• We descend through NREM Stages I to 4 and then
  ascend through them to rapid eye movement (REM)
  sleep.

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The Study of Sleep

• The average adult repeats this cycle about four
  to six times each night.
• Sleep decreases from about 16 hours at birth to
  about 7 to 8 hours in young adulthood, with
  little change thereafter.

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• Sleep debt is the difference between hours of
  sleep a person needs and hours of sleep a person
  actually gets.
• Our tendency to fall asleep the next day
  increases.
• Larger sleep debt, stronger tendency to fall
  asleep

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• Sleep-deprived persons experience microsleeps
• Microsleeps are brief, unintended episodes of
  loss of attention associated with events such as
  blank stare, head snapping, prolonged eye
  closure, etc.,

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• Microsleep few seconds-minutes
• often person is unaware
• microsleeps often occur with eyes open
• person fails to respond to outside information
• A person will not see a red signal light or
  notice that the road has taken a curve.

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The Study of Sleep

• Insomnia-difficulty falling/ staying asleep
• Most insomnia are short duration.
• Sleeping pills -- limited usefulness and high
  tolerance
• Stimulus control effective

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The Study of Sleep

• Hypersomnias - sleep disorders marked by
  excessive daytime sleepiness.
• Narcolepsy - daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and
  hypnagogic hallucinations (intrusion of REM sleep
  into waking hours.)

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• Sleep Apnea consists of frequent (up to 100s of)
  pauses in breathing during the night
• Older, overweight men

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The Study of Sleep

• Parasomnias - sleep disturbances other than
  insomnia and hypersomnias.
• Enuresis (bedwetting) is a common disorder in
  childhood that can be treated with the urine
  alarm.

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• Sleep terrors are associated with Stage 4 sleep,
  early in night, tend to occur in children,
  usually disappear without treatment.
• Nightmares are bad dreams that occur during REM
  sleep.

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The Study of Sleep

• Sleepwalking EEG shows mix of delta and alpha
  waves
• REM sleep behavior disorder occurs in older men
  and consists of aggressive actions during REM
  sleep.

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• Sudden Infant death
• syndrome (SIDS)
• Leading cause of death among infants 1 month - 1
  year old.
• Placing infants to sleep on back may reduce risk.
• Acetylcholine medulla?