CHAPTER 5 THE SEARCH FOR EMPIRE 14921670

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European Exploration
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Reasons for Exploration
Europeans come to the New World
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To better understand the reasons for European
exploration, think back to sixth grade social
studies when you learned about
Cultural Identity and Nationalism
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Cultural Identity
cultural connection people have with one another
Nationalism
pride and devotion to your country
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Remember that extreme nationalism can lead to
Conflict
And all of this can effect the
Balance of Power
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Nationalism
A spirit of
was
brewing throughout Europe in the 1400s, 1500s,
1600s,. and continues today.
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One way they could show their strength was to
Explore and claim new land
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The Big Three countries in Europe who were
competing for land were
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All three countries explored for the same
reasons--- The Three Gs
Gold
Glory
God
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At this time, explorers were searching for
Gold
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And once they began to explore the New World,
they thought they would find lots of gold.
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Nationalism and desire for gold caused the people
to want
Glory
for their homeland.
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The third reason they explored was to spread
their religion.
God
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So remember...The Three Gs
Gold
3 G's
Glory
God
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Explorers
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SHOW ME THE MONEY...or the gold!

• From 1492-1519, Spain focuses on establishing
  colonies in the Indies.
• Spaniards on expeditions heard there were great
  civilizations in the interior, which included
  great wealth.
• Explorers looking for wealth were known as
  conquistadors.

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COLUMBUS
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Europe Eyes the Americas

• Christopher Columbus lived during a time when
  Spain was at war and many people were in poverty.
• Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand paid for
  Columbus to go on an expedition to find a new
  passage to China.

• Expedition a journey undertaken by a group of
  people
• with a definite purpose

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Christopher Columbus
King Ferdinand of Spain and Queen Isabella
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In 1492 COLUMBUS Sailed the Ocean Blue

• Columbus quickly learned the earth was round. He
  thought he could sail to Asia westward faster and
  easier than traveling eastward.
• He could then establish profitable routes to
  Asia. (He could trade along the way.)
• Queen Isabella thought this would be a great idea
  because it would establish trade with Asia ()
  and would help spread the Catholic faith.

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• Columbus sighted land and thought it was the
  Indies.
• He got off the boat and named (and called) the
  friendly people indios.

• He wasnt in the IndiesHe was in the Bahamas!

• He continued to sail on to find the riches he had
  promised the Spanish monarch. (He was
  also going to get to keep a portion of these
  riches for himself.)

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• On his voyages, Columbus established the first
  permanent colony on Hispaniola (named Santo
  Domingo).
• Columbus did not find gold or the new passage to
  China, but his voyages did inspire others to seek
  their fortunes in America.

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Columbusnot such a nice guy

• Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand got word that
  Columbus and others had enslaved, tortured, and
  killed thousands of native Taino people in the
  Caribbean.
• This angered the monarchs and made them withdraw
  their support for further explorations by
  Columbus.

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THE BIG QUESTION

• Did Columbus really discover America?
• According to the Europeans, the answer is YES.

BUT
Werent the Indians already occupying parts of
America, including our focus.TEXAS?
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COLUMBUSS FOUR VOYAGES
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Columbus Finds Land
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Cortes
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Hernan Cortes

• Cortes was a Spanish conquistador.
• Conquistadores were soldiers and adventurers
  searching The 3 Gs
• Cortes left Cuba in 1519, with the goal of
  conquering the Aztec Empire.

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The Aztecs

• The Aztecs were the most powerful Indian culture
  in all of Central America.
• They were fierce warriors who worshipped the sun
  and performed human sacrifices.

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Montezuma II

• Montezuma was the leader of the Aztecs.
• He ruled an empire that covered over 200,000
  square miles.

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Cortes Conquers the Aztecs

• Cortes sailed from Spanish Cuba to the eastern
  coast of what is now Mexico.
• Cortes and his 200 men, defeated an Aztec army of
  over 100,000.
• They captured the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan, and
  built present day Mexico City on top of it.
• This increased the wealth and power of Spain,
  greatly expanded its American empire and led to
  the founding of New Spain.

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IMPORTANT 1519 EVENT AND THE CONSEQUENCES

• Hernan Cortes, a Spanish explorer, conquered the
  Aztec empire
• Wealth and power of Spain increased
• Expanded the size of the Spanish empire
• Led to the founding of New Spain
• Mexico became a base of Spanish exploration

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• increased Spains power
• established Mexico as a base from which Spain
  could launch explorations
• expanded Spains American empire, which covered
  muchof North and South Americaby 1600

• conquered the Aztec Empire
• killed or enslaved many Aztec
• gained Spain the Aztecs wealth and land
• built Mexico City on top of the ruins of
  Tenochtitlán, which became the capital of New
  Spain
• increased the empire and wealth of Spain

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The Spanish Come to Texas

• Following Columbuss lead, Spain established
  colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of
  riches drew the explorers north to Texas where
  they established a successful mission.

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PINEDA
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Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda and Hernan Cortes

• Pinedas mission was to map the coastline of the
  Gulf of Mexico and establish a Spanish colony. He
  was first to discover the Texas coastline.

• Cortez, who was sent to find a city of gold, cut
  Pinedas journey short. He saw Pineda as a
  threat to his journey, so he arrested some of
  Pinedas men!

1519
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IMPORTANCE OF PINEDAS VOYAGE TO TEXAS

• First known European to see and map the Texas
  coast
• Established a settlement near present day Mexican
  city Tampico
• Never landed in Texas
• Led to further Spanish exploration of Texas

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1519
begins his conquestof the AztecEmpire.
explores the Gulf ofMexico and mapspart of it.
begins the firstround-the-world Voyage.
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NARVAEZ
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EXPERIENCES OF Narvaez

• Set out in 1527 for Spain
• Explored Tampa, Florida
• Left his crew when they did not return

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The Narvaez Expedition

• In 1526 Panfilo de Narvaez was granted the land
  of Florida by the king of Spain.
• His expedition traveled up the western coast of
  Florida. He then built rafts to sail to Mexico.
• A hurricane in 1528 drowned many of the men at
  sea, including Narvaez.

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The Narvaez Expedition
Section Two

• Out of the 400 men and 82 horses that Narvaez
  started with on his expedition, only 80 or so
  survived the hurricane.
• They arrived at Galveston Bay.
• They were the first known Europeans to set foot
  in the present-day Texas.

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THE ENDING OF THE NARVAEZ EXPEDITION

• Shipwrecked along the Texas Coast
• Suffered from hunger and American Indian attacks
• Became stranded and ate horses to survive
• Captured and enslaved by the Karankawa Indians or
  died

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CABEZA DE VACA
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What Happens

• 400 men started out from Florida to Mexico
• They thought this would be a short trip.
• They had only enough food for everyone to have ½
  handful of maize
• There was a hurricane!
• They never made it to Mexico, instead they (80)
  ended up in Texas (Galveston Bay).

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• They were cold, naked, starving, and had no food,
  shelter, or clothing.
• They met up with the Karankawa Indians who gave
  them fish, roots, and walnuts.
• When they received no more food from the Indians,
  they ate their shipmates that had died.

The Europeans gave the Indians disease, killing
1/2 of them!
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THE LONE SURVIVORS

• Only 4 survived (out of 400)!
• Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico
• First Europeans to explore the interior of Texas

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EXPERIENCES OF CABEZA DE VACA

• Survivor of the failed Nararez expedition
• Explored Tampa, Florida and Galveston, Texas
• Taken in by the Kawakawas Indians
• Escaped and traveled among Indian villages
• Worked as a healer, trader, and servant
• gained Indians respect
• First European to Explore the Texas interior

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Cabeza de Vaca

• He also wrote about his life with the Native
  Americans in a work of literature called La
  relacion.
• This was the first written work of Texas
  literature.

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Cabeza de Vaca

• The survivors from the 1528 hurricane beached at
  Galveston Bay and were helped by Karankawas.
• Six years later only four men were alive, two of
  which were Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico..
• He and his men became the first Europeans to see
  the interior of Texas.

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DE SOTO
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EXPERIENCES OF Desoto

• Set out in 1539 for Spain
• Explored the Florida coast and South Eastern US
  until 1542
• Died of Fever

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Hernando de Soto

• Coronados expedition did not find the Seven
  Cities of Cibola, so Spain sent another
  expedition in search of gold.
• Hernando de Sotos expedition also did not find
  any gold, but they explored east Texas. They
  were also the first exploration into the interior
  of North America.

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Hernando de Soto

• De Soto explored present-day Georgia, the
  Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and
  Arkansas.
• When he and his expedition reached the
  Mississippi River, they were discouraged and
  running out of supplies. They turned back home.
  
• De Soto never made it back home. He died of an
  illness. His successor, Luis de Moscoso de
  Alvarado set out to find an overland route back
  to Mexico.

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CORONADO
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THE CORONADO EXPEDITION

• Set out in 1540 for Spain
• Crossed the Texas Panhandle and the Llano
  Estacado
• Was looking for Cibola and Quivira cities of
  gold
• Learned there was no gold only Pueblo villages
• Saw American buffalo

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RESULTS OF THE CORONADO AND DE SOTO EXPEDITIONS

• Met the Texas Indians but did not find gold
• Coronado explored the American Southwest and
  encountered Indians
• DeSoto explored the American Southwest
  encountered the Caddo Indians

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find seven lostcities of gold
Estevanicoreached a Zunivillage and was killed
FrayMarcossaw village from afar and reported it
was filled with gold and treasure
conquer Cibola gain its treasure
conquered Zuni village crossed Texas Panhandle
in search of Quivira did not find any gold or
treasure
conquer Cibola gain its treasure
explored what is now the south-eastern United
States and East Texas sailed to Mexico did not
find any gold or treasure
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Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

• Coronado was commissioned to find the legendary
  Seven Cities of Cibola. They were believed to
  have GOLD.

Coronado and his men became the first Europeans
to see West Texas
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Matrix

• Spanish Exploration and Colonization

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• gained new plants and animals from Europe, such
  as horses
• rise of a Plains Indian horse culture
• Plains Indians fighting and hunting abilities
  increased by horses
• many Texas Indian deaths from European diseases
• conflict with the Spanish

• established a claim to Texas
• gained knowledge about land and people of Texas
• gained new plants and animals from the Americas
• gained a buffer zone between Spanish settlement
  and American Indians/Europeans to the north
• lost equine military advantage
• conflict with Texas Indians

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SPANISH EXPLORERS 15191598
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EFFECTS OF SPANISH EXPLORATION

• Established a claim to Texas
• Gained knowledge about land and people of Texas
• Gained new plants and animals from the Americas
• Obtained a buffer zone between Spanish settlement
  and American Indians/Europeans to the north

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SPAIN PROFITS FROM ITS TEXAS EXPLORATION

• Established a claim to Texas
• Gained knowledge about land and people of Texas
• The Columbian Exchange

Columbian Exchange term describing the transfer
of plants, animals, and diseases between the
Americas and other continents since the time of
Columbus
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SPAIN PROFITS FROM ITS TEXAS EXPLORATION

• Obtained a buffer zone between Spanish
  settlements and American Indians
• Learned about the Plains Indian horse culture

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THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE AND ITS EFFECT ON INDIANS

• Positive led to a transfer of plants, animals
  between the Indians and Spanish
• Negative led to the spread of diseases from
  Europe to the Americas

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La Salle
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The La Salle Expedition

• Set out in 1682 for France
• Explored the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico
• La Salle get lost and ended up in Texas
• Set up a settlement in Texas
• Name the area around the Mississippi River
  Louisiana

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The French Explore Texas

• The international competition for land in the New
  World was intense.
• In 1682 La Salle claimed the Mississippi River
  and the surrounding land (dependent on the river)
  for France.
• He called it La Louisiane (Louisiana).
• They wanted to compete with Spains quest for
  riches and control trade.

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Fort St. Louis

• La Salle established the first French colony in
  Texas on the Lavaca River.
• The colony had trouble from the beginning because
  they lost valuable supplies at sea.
• They were helped for a while by the Indians, but
  fighting soon broke out.

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Why did the Natives turn against LaSalle and his
men?

• The Native Americans found the supplies that
  washed up on shore after La Belle sank.
• The French took the supplies back without asking
  for them or explaining what happened.

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Fort St. Louis

• La Salle tried to find a way back to the
  Mississippi River, but was unsuccessful.
• Many of his men died.
• In 1687 La Salle tried to go home. He took 17 of
  the 20 survivors with him.

• On the ship, the men plotted against him and he
  was killed.
• Spanish explorers found the bodies of the
  remaining French colonists who had been killed by
  the Indians.

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FRENCH AND SPANISH CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA,
16821688
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Europe Eyes the Americas
Columbus came to the New World looking for gold
and a new trade route to Asia. Although he found
neither, his four voyages inspired others to seek
their fortunes in the Americas.
The French Explore Texas
Spains claims on Texas lands prompted France to
establish a colony of its own. Although La
Salles Texas colony did not survive,
Francespresence renewedSpains interest
insettling Texas.
Spanish Explorers Come to Texas
Following Columbuss lead, Spain established
colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of
riches drew the explorers north to Texas where
they established a successful mission.
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Consequences for the Native Americans
www.rangerdj.com/ clipart/indian/indian.jpg

• Native Americans lived in Texas long before the
  Europeans explored there.
• The arrival of the Spanish and French explorers
  to Texas brought Native Americans severe
  consequences.
• Diseases such as smallpox killed thousands of
  Native Americans.