Life After the Tevatron: The Intensity Frontier at Fermilab

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Life After the Tevatron The Intensity Frontier
at Fermilab

• Eric Prebys
• Accelerator Physics Center
• Fermilab

First circulating beam in LHC, Sept. 10, 2008
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Outline

• Background and Status
• Intensity Frontier
• Project X
• Intermediate Program

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Acknowledgements

• This talk represents a broad cross-section of the
  Fermilab program, including many things Im not
  directly involved in.
• In particular, detailed Project X content is
  mostly taken from a recent Extreme Beams
  presentation by Steve Holmes, representing the
  Project X RD group.

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Background

• For over 20 years, the Fermilab Tevatron has been
  the highest energy collider in the world, and it
  has been the centerpiece of the labs physics
  program.
• This will change very soon, when the LHC begins
  to accelerate and collide beams.
• The current Tevatron experimental program will
  run until mid-2010 (likely mid-2011), after which
  it will be superceded by the LHC physics program.
• If Fermilab intends to keep an accelerator based
  program, it must identify exciting physics that
  can be done at energies well below the energy
  frontier.

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The Fermilab Accelerator Complex

• Present Operation
• 11 Booster batchesloaded into Main
  Injectorand accelerated to 120 GeVevery 2.2 sec
• 2 for pBar production
• 9 for NuMi
• pBars phase-rotated, cooled and collected in
  Accumulator/Debuncher
• Every few 1011, transferred to Recycler
• After 1 day, enough pBars to load into the
  Tevatron, accelerate, and collide for 1 day,
  while the process repeats
• While the Main Injector is ramping, 8 GeV protons
  sent to MiniBooNE experiment

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Tevatron Performance
Main Injector Operation
Recycler Operation
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Neutrino beam lines

• NuMI/MINOS
• 8x1020 protons
• MiniBooNE
• 11.7x1020 protons

NuMI/MINOS
MiniBooNE
Total 4 times previous 30 years
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What Next? Excerpts from P5 major findings

• An opportunity exists for the U.S. to become a
  world leader at the Intensity Frontier
• Central is an intense neutrino beam and large
  underground long-based line detector
• Building on infrastructure at Fermilab and
  partnering with NSF
• Develops infrastructure that positions the U.S.
  to regain Energy Frontier (Muon Collider)
• HEP at its core is an accelerator based
  experimental science
• Accelerator RD develops technologies needed by
  the field and that benefit the nation

as reported by Dennis Kovar at the Fermilab
Users Meeting, June 2008
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What is The Intensity Frontier?

• Neutrino Physics
• NOvA intense NuMI beam to an off-axis detector
  near the Canadian border
• DUSEL an even more intense beam pointed at the
  Deep Underground Science and Engineering
  Laboratory, to be built at the Homestake Mine, SD
• Precision measurements
• Muon to electron
• Anomalous muon magnetic moment (g-2).
• Precision kaon physics
• Advanced RD
• Muon based neutrino factory
• Muon collider
• Accelerator-driven sub-critical nuclear reactors

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Current limits to proton intensity

• Total proton rate from Proton Source
  (LinacBooster)
• Booster batch size
• 4-5E12 protons/batch, depending on beam quality
  required.
• Booster repetition rate
• 15 Hz instantaneous
• Currently 9Hz, limited by RF system.
• Beam loss
• Damage and/or activation of Booster components
• Above ground radiation
• Total protons accelerated in Main Injector
• Maximum main injector load
• Six slots for booster batches (3E13)
• Up to 11 with slip stacking (4.5-5.5E13)
• Beam stability (RF issues)
• Beam loss concerns
• Cycle time
• 1.4s loading time (1/15s per booster batch)

original hardware
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Getting to highest intensity Project X

• Maximizing the intensity of the Main Injector
  will require replacing Fermilabs aging proton
  source.
• In 2007 the Long Range Steering committee
  endorsed a design based on a linac incorporating
  ILC RF technology
• Temporarily named Project X

3 times original Project X concept
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Review Main Injector/Recycler

• Injection into the Recycler will allow H- beam to
  be stripped for both high energy and 8 GeV users
• Will also allow some amount of 8 GeV beam
  conditioning

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Initial Configuration Document (ICD) Technology
Map
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Initial Configuration Performance Goals
Linac Particle Type H- Beam Kinetic
Energy 8.0 GeV Particles per pulse 1.6?1014 Lina
c pulse rate 2.5 Hz Beam Power 500 kW Recycler P
article Type protons Beam Kinetic
Energy 8.0 GeV Cycle time 1.4 sec Particles per
cycle to MI 1.6?1014 Particles per cycle to 8
GeV program 1.6?1014 Beam Power to 8 GeV
program 360 kW Main Injector Beam Kinetic
Energy (maximum) 120 GeV Cycle
time 1.4 sec Particles per cycle 1.7?1014 Beam
Power at 120 GeV 2100 kW
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Initial Configuration Operating Scenarios

• Operating scenarios for 120 GeV (2.1 MW)
• 194 kW at 8 GeV to mu2e experiment in parallel

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Alternative Configuration
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Fermilab in 2020?
Low energy program (350-2000 kW)
Tevatron FT
8 GeV neutrinos
NuMI (NOvA)
8 GeV SC Linac(/Synchrotron?)
DUSEL (2 MW)
Recycler
Main Injector
Young-Kee Kim
Fermilab Strategic Plan
Slide 17
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But 2020 is a long way off

• We consider it vital to maintain a relevant,
  accelerator-based program at Fermilab in the
  years while Project X is being designed and
  constructed.
• Current post-collider plan
• Utilize Recycler as a pre-stacker to eliminate
  Main Injector loading time and increase protons
  to NOvA
• Re-task Accumulator/Debuncher as a proton
  storage/conditioning facility to support 8 GeV
  program
• Mu2e experiment
• g-2 experiment (perhaps)
• Neutrino factory/muon collider RD
• ???

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NOnA time line improvements
300 kW
700 kW
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Extra protons NOvA era
MI uses 12 of 20 available Booster Batches per
1.33 second cycle
Preloading for NOvA
Recycler
Available for 8 GeV program
Recycler ? MI transfer
15 Hz Booster cycles
MI NuMI cycle (20/15 s)

• Roughly 8(4x1012 batch)/(1.33 s)(2x107
  s/year)4.8x1020 protons/year available
  at no cost to the NOvA program

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8 GeV protons Boomerang Scheme
MI-8 -gt Recycler done for NOvA
Recycler(Main Injector Tunnel)
New switch magnet extraction to P150 (no need for
kicker)

• Deliver beam to Accumulator/Debuncher enclosure
  with minimal beam line modifications and civil
  construction.

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Timeline in NOvA/Mu2e era (baseline Mu2e scheme)
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Fermilab in context
Project X (8 GeV)
Project X (120 GeV)
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Status

• Tevatron
• Approved to run through FY10, probably run
  through FY11
• Project X
• CD0 (mission need) 2009
• CD2/3a (baseline, long lead purchases) 2012
• Construction 2013-2017
• NOvA
• CD-3b expected later this month
• DUSEL
• High marks by P5. Proceeding with conceptual
  design
• Mu2e
• Very high marks by P5 (pursue under all funding
  scenarios)
• Preliminary approval in Fall 08. Working toward
  CD-0 in 2009
• CD2/3a 2012
• Construction 2012-2016 (??)
• g-2
• Collaboration forming. Trying to get the cost
  down.
• Muon collider/Neutrino factory
• Gaining lots of momentum

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P5 (optimistic) Roadmap
near term future neutrino projects omitted
Note high intensity program starts before
Project X!
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Summary

• Life will change for Fermilab when the LHC starts
  to take real data.
• Nevertheless, we plan to continue to support a
  world-class accelerator-based physics program.
• We have developed both an intermediate and a long
  range program, which can accommodate a range of
  funding scenarios.