Understanding the Impact of Regulatory Changes

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Understanding the Impact of Regulatory Changes
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Scope (1/2)

• Impact of the amendments to the guidelines on
  evacuation and abandonment on the industry
• Regulations concerning evacuation of passenger
  ships
• Recent amendments to SOLAS regulation
• The High Speed Craft Code
• SOLAS regulation II-2/28 1.3

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Scope (2/2)

• IMO Guidelines for evacuation analyses of Ro-Ro
  and other passenger vessels
• Methodology for evacuation analyses at an early
  stage of design
• Performance standards for evacuation time and
  procedure
• Comparison simplified and advanced evacuation
  analysis

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Titanic and SOLAS
www.imo.org
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Table of Contents

• Preliminaries
• Part IThe guidelines for evacuation analysis
• Part IIComparison between simplified and
  advanced analysis
• Part IIISafe Area, Safe Return to Port

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Preliminaries

• www.traffgo-ht.com ? Slides for download
• Printed Information? available here
• About myself and TraffGo

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Part I

• Guidelines for Evacuation Analysis

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SOLAS, HSC, and MSC/Circ.

• SOLAS II-2/28.1 evacuation analysis
• High Speed Craft Code 2000 sec. 4.8.2
• MSC/Circ. 1033 for Ro-Ro and Pax andMSC/Circ.
  1166 for HSC
• Two methods simplified (flow calculations) and
  advanced (computer simulations)

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IMO (1/3)

• SOLAS
• STCW
• Load lines
• COLREGS
• SUA

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IMO (2/3)
www.imo.org
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IMO (3/3)

• Bulk Liquids and Gases (BLG)
• Carriage of Dangerous Goods, Solid Cargoes and
  Containers(DSC)
• Fire Protection (FP)
• Radio-communications and Search and Rescue
  (COMSAR)
• Safety of Navigation (NAV)
• Ship Design and Equipment (DE)
• Stability and Load Lines and Fishing Vessels
  Safety (SLF)
• Standards of Training and Watchkeeping (STW)
• Flag State Implementation (FSI)

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Overall Evacuation Time

• Several components
• Detection Decision Alarm Reaction
  Assembly Embarkation Launching
• T A twalk 2/3 (EL) ?

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T_evac simplified
MSC/Circ. 1033, Simplified
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T_evac advanced
MSC/Circ. 1033
MSC/Circ. 1033, Advanced
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Computation of T

• Advanced method (simulation)
• T A twalk 2/3 (EL) ?
• ?10 min (night) and ?320 min (day)
• Simplified method (spreadsheet)
• T A 2.3 twalk 2/3 (EL)

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Guidelines Further Questions

• How to learn it?
• How long does an analysis take?
• When to use which method?
• How do I know Im right?
• Is the last question important?

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Whats done for Buildings?

• Theres also a simplified method(which was the
  model for the first draft MSC/Circ. 909)
• Less complex environment
• Otherwise many similarities
• Effort
• When to use which method

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Most relevant regulations

• SOLAS Chapter II-2Fire Protection, Detection,
  ExtinctionFSS Code
• SOLAS Chapter IIILife Saving Appliances and
  ArrangementsLSA Code

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Part II

• Comparison of Simplified and Advanced Method

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When to use which method

• Simplified Method Calculation
• For small ships
• If you wont do it again
• Advanced Method Simulation
• Complex scenarios
• If youre doing it repeatedly

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How to learn it?

• Simplified Method Calculation
• Detailed knowledge of the methods rationale
• Patience and strictness
• Advanced Method Simulation
• How to handle the simulation program
• What model is the simulation based on (if you
  want)

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Comparison of the Efforts

• Simplified Method Calculation
• Can be done with paper and pencil
• Same effort for each new scenario / each
  repetition
• Advanced Method Simulation
• You need a computer simulation
• Repetition is cheap

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Example of Application

• Example of application RoPax ferry
• Application of the simplified method
• Workflow for the advanced method
• Comparison of the results

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Trial Simulation - Reality
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Ro-Pax Night Case
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Simplified Method
Other Decks
M
Exit
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Simplified Method

• Abstract geometry into pipe system
• Create spreadsheet calculation

gt t ...
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Steps
Pruning
Coloring
Modeling
Scenarios
Simulation
Evaluation
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Work Flow
gt t95 ...
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Time required
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Comparison of Times
Advanced method (simulation) T TMovement
2/3 (EL) TMovement max (Ai twalk, i)
? Simplified method (spreadsheet) T A 2.3
twalk 2/3 (EL)
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Comparison of Results
Ship Simplified AT Advanced TMovement
Pax 1 1486 s 1943 s
RoPax 1 1515 s 1560 s
RoPax 2 1062 s 1510 s
Pax 2 932 s 1909 s

• Differences due to
• simplified method neglects sequence of events
• 600 seconds safety margin for advanced method

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Current (FP 51 / MSC 83)

• Safety Margin
• Response Time
• Counter Flow Factor
• Overall Evacuation Time
• Goal Tadvanced ? Tsimplified

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Aligning Response Times

• e.g. Night Case
• Simplified method is favoured by 3 minutes.

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Response Time

• e.g. Night Case
• Current reaction span is too big.

response time variance 1,5 min
response time variance 3 min (advanced 6 min)
response time variance 0 min (simplified)
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Refining Definitions

• Significant Congestion
• Reduced Escape Route Availability
• Simplify Tables (e.g. Demographic Parameters)
• Counterflow
• Passenger Crew Distribution

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Additional Test Case

• Simple Geometry
• Show how simulation parameters influence result
  (sensitivity analysis)
• Make results publicly available

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Scaling the Number of Persons

• Day Case
• Distribution according to FSS code
• ? there would be more persons in the analysis
  than the ship is certified to carry
• Problem is solved by scaling the numbers
• This is not in the spirit of the FSS code
• Example

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Refining the Guidelines
Capacity of the vessel 3000
capacity 100 FSS code 75 day case 75, scaled
MVZ 2 2500 1875 1364
MVZ 5 3000 2250 1636
Sum 5500 4125 3000
The scaled numbers are smaller than the numbers
derived from the FSS code. But what happens
during lunch time?
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Part III

• Large Passenger Ships
• Safe AreaSafe Return to Port

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Developments

• What will the future look like?
• Larger Ships
• How to get back passengers back to shore

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Five Pillars

• Prevention
• Improved Survivability
• Regulatory Flexibility
• Operations in areas remote from SAR facilities
• Health Safety and Medical Care

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Passenger Ships (1/4)

• alternative designs and arrangements
• safe areas and the essential systems to be
  maintained while a ship proceeds to port after a
  casualty, which will require redundancy of
  propulsion and other essential systems
• on-board safety centres, from where safety
  systems can be controlled, operated and
  monitored

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Passenger Ships (2/4)

• fixed fire detection and alarm systems, including
  requirements for fire detectors and manually
  operated call points to be capable of being
  remotely and individually identified
• fire prevention, including amendments aimed at
  enhancing the fire safety of atriums, the means
  of escape in case of fire and ventilation
  systems and

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Passenger Ships (3/4)

• time for orderly evacuation and abandonment,
  including requirements for the essential systems
  that must remain operational in case any one main
  vertical zone is unserviceable due to fire?
  three hours

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Passenger Ships (4/4)

• MSC 82
• December 2006
• Will enter into force on 1 July 2010

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Larger Ships
Genesis 5400 passengers 360 metres (1,181 feet)
in length and 47 metres across
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Impact on the industry

• The ship is its own best lifeboat.
• Safe Area Concept
• Safe Return to Port
• Crew Training
• Medical and Health Care

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R D

• Projects like Fire Exit? determination of
  response time
• Crew training
• Simulation
• Directional Sound

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Identification of Roles

• What would you do if you were
• A wheelchair user
• A child
• A parent
• A crew-member
• The master of the ship

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Thanks for your attention ?
TraffGo HT
www.traffgo-ht.com
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