Chapter 8 and 9 Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration

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Chapter 8 and 9Photosynthesis and Cell
Respiration

• CP Biology B

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Energy

• Energy the ability to do work
• Organisms store energy in the chemical bonds of
  molecules
• Main molecule is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• Adenine
• Ribose 5 carbon sugar
• Three phosphates

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ATP Structure
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups
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ATP to ADP

• Energy stored in ATP is used for many things
• Active transport in cell membrane
• Synthesis of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
• Breakdown of carbs, lipids
• Energy is released by breaking the bond between
  the second and third phosphates
• Once the bond is broken, the molecule ADP is left
  over adenosine diphosphate

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ATP vs. ADPcomparison to batteries
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Photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis plants use energy of sunlight to
  convert water and carbon dioxide into
  carbohydrates and oxygen
• Chemical equation
• 6CO2 6H2O energy ? C6H12O6 6O2
• Word equation
• carbon dioxide water light ? glucose oxygen

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Photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast

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Light and Pigments

• Photosynthesis requires light and chlorophyll, a
  molecule in chloroplasts
• Visible spectrum the wavelengths of light that
  we can see as different colors
• Pigment light-absorbing molecules
• Chlorophyll plants main pigment
• Collects blue-violet and red light
• Reflects green light, so appears green to us

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Chlorophyll Light Absorption
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ATP Formation

• Click the image to play the video segment.

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Photosynthesis
Click the image to play the video segment.
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Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

• Changing the rate of photosynthesis
• A shortage of water will slow the rate
• Temperature can affect enzymes that work in
  photosynthesis
• The amount of light can also increase or decrease
  the rate

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Cell Respiration

• Food provides living things with the energy
  needed to live and reproduce
• Cellular respiration is the process that releases
  energy by breaking down glucose and other food
  molecules in the presence of oxygen.
• Chemical equation
• C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O energy exact
  opposite of photosynthesis this makes a cycle

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Cell Respiration occurs in cytoplasm and
mitochondrion
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Cell Respiration

• Glycolysis is process in which glucose is broken
  down
• First part of cell respiration
• Occurs in cytoplasm of cell
• The rest of cell respiration occurs in the
  mitochondria of cells
• The energy from cell respiration is stored in ATP
  molecules

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Energy in Absence of Oxygen

• Fermentation releases energy from food without
  using oxygen known as anaerobic respiration
• There are 2 types
• 1. Alcoholic fermentation
• produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
• Carried our by yeast and other microscopic
  organisms
• Used in bread making

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Energy in Absence of Oxygen

• 2. Lactic acid fermentation
• Produces lactic acid
• Occurs in your muscles when there is not enough
  oxygen and unicellular organisms
• Results in cramps because lactic acid builds up
• Used in production of cheese, yogurt, buttermilk,
  sour cream

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Energy and Exercise

• A runner has enough stored ATP for 50 meters,
  then the muscles need to use lactic acid
  fermentation to produce ATP in addition to
  cellular respiration
• Your body stores long-term energy in the form of
  the carbohydrate glycogen, then as fats

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Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration