ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

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ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration
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What Is ATP?
Energy used by all Cells
Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate
bonds
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Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar
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What Does ATP Do for You?

• It supplies YOU with ENERGY!

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How Do We Get Energy From ATP?

• By breaking the high- energy bonds between the
  last two phosphates in ATP

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When is ATP Made in the Body?

• During a Process called Cellular Respiration that
  takes place in both Plants Animals

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Why do Cellular Respiration?

• To release the energy stored in glucose!

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Question

• In what kinds organisms does cellular respiration
  take place?

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Plants and Animals

• Plants - Autotrophs self-producers.
• Animals - Heterotrophs consumers.

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Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 6O2
YIELDS
6CO2 6H20 Energy (ATP)
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Cellular Respiration

• Requires Oxygen (Aerobic Process)
• Breaks down glucose
• Produces carbon dioxide and water
• Gives off energy!! (38 ATP)

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What Organelle is Associated with Cellular
Respiration?
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Review of Mitochondria Structure

• Smooth outer Membrane
• Folded inner membrane
• Folds called Cristae
• Space inside cristae called the Matrix

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What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?

• Glycolysis
• The Krebs Cycle
• The Electron Transport Chain

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Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?

• It actually takes place in two parts of the cell

Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle ETC Take place in the Mitochondria
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What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?

• Glycolysis
• In cytoplasm
• Doesnt require oxygen (anaerobic)
• Produces 2ATP
• The Krebs Cycle
• In mitochondria matrix
• Produces 2 ATP
• The Electron Transport Chain
• In mitochondria across cristae
• Produces 24 ATP

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Diagram of the Process
Occurs across Cristae
Occurs in Cytoplasm
Occurs in Matrix
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Adding Up the ATP
Cytosol
Mitochondrion
Glycolysis
2 Acetyl- CoA
Krebs Cycle
2 Pyruvic acid
Electron Transport
Glucose
Maximum per glucose
by ATP synthase
by direct synthesis
by direct synthesis
Figure 6.14
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Fermentation

• Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic process)
• Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells
  (makes muscles tired)
• Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces
  ethanol)
• Nets only 2 ATP

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Can occur in your muscle cells
• How glucose is broken down when O2 is NOT present
  (anaerobic process)
• Lactic Acid is produced (makes muscles tired)
• Only makes 2 ATP!

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Alcoholic Fermentation

• Happens in yeast how they get ATP!
• How glucose is broken down when O2 is NOT present
  (anaerobic process)
• Produces CO2 and Ethanol
• Only makes 2 ATP!
• How bread is made! How beer and wine are made!

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FEELING THE BURN

• When you exercise
• Muscles need energy in order to perform work
• Your cells use oxygen to release energy from the
  sugar glucose
• Both aerobic and anaerobic burning of glucose can
  take place in your cells

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Aerobic Anaerobic Metabolism

• Aerobic metabolism - When enough oxygen reaches
  cells to support energy needs
• - Maximum energy production (38 ATP)
• Anaerobic metabolism
• When the demand for oxygen outstrips the bodys
  ability to deliver it
• Low energy production (2 ATP)

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Anaerobic Metabolism

• Without enough oxygen, muscle cells break down
  glucose to produce lactic acid
• Lactic acid is associated with the burn
  associated with heavy exercise
• If too much lactic acid builds up, your muscles
  give out

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Comparison
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