Tools and Procedures

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Chapter 1

• Section 1-4
• Tools and Procedures

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Common Measurement System

• Why is it important?
• Because scientists need to collaborate, replicate
  and build upon each others research

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Metric System

• Decimal system of measurement
• Units based on certain physical standards
• Scaled on multiples of 10
• Figure 1-23

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International System of Units

• Revised version of the metric system
• SI, Le Systeme International dUnites

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Analyzing Biological Data

• Graphs- makes patterns much easier to recognize
  and understand
• Microsoft Excel

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Analyzing Biological Data

• Computer Generated Models

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Microscopes

• Light Microscope- produce magnified images by
  focusing visible light rays
• Electron Microscope- produce images by focusing
  beams of electrons

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Light Microscope
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Electron Microscope

• Can produce imaged 1000x more detailed than light
  microscope
• TEM- shine beam of electrons through thin
  specimen
• SEM- scan a narrow beam of electrons across the
  surface of a specimen

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Pros Cons of Electron Microscope

• Pro
• Much more detailed images

• Con
• Images must be dehydrated to be viewed- not able
  to view live organisms

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Electron Microscope Images
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Lab Techniques

• Cell Cultures- a group of cells develops from a
  single original cell

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Biological Techniques

• Cell Fractionation- used to separate the parts of
  a cell
• Use of a centrifuge to break down and isolate the
  part of the cell to be studied

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Centrifuges
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