"Ethnic and National Minorities in Europe

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"Ethnic and National Minorities in Europe

• Dr. Denis Gruber
• Faculty of Sociology, St. Petersburg State
  University
• DAAD-Lecturer for Sociology

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"Ethnic and National Minorities in Europe

• 08.09.2009 Consultation and Introduction Which
  Majorities and which Minorities?
• 15.09.2009 Patterns of Exclusion Constructing
  Ethnicity
• 22.09.2009 Ethnic Minorities in Europe.
  Nationhood and Nationalism
•  
• 06.10.2009 The Model of Ethnic Democracy
•  
• 13.10. 2009 The New European Diasporas National
  Minorities and Conflicts in Eastern Europe

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"Ethnic and National Minorities in Europe

• 27.10.2009 The Russian-speaking minority in the
  Baltic States
• 10.11. 2009 Post-Soviet Transnational Migrants
  in Germany and Central Asia. A Comparison
• 17.11.2009 Integration of Turkish Immigrants in
  Germany, France and the Netherlands
• 24.11.2009 Minorities in Greece, Norway, Sweden
  and Belgium

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"Ethnic and National Minorities in Europe

• 01.12.2009 Minorities in South-Eastern Europe
• 08.12.2009 Minorities in Great Britain
•  
• 15.12.2009 Migration, Language and Integration
•  
• 22.12.2009 Ethnic Mobilization and Ethnic
  Violence

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

• minority group
• ethnicity
• identity
• ethnic identity
• ethnic minority
• national minority
• integration
• inclusion
• exclusion
• self-exclusion

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Minority

• sociological minority is not necessarily a
  numerical minority
• it may include any group that is subnormal with
  respect to a dominant group in terms of social
  status, education, employment, wealth and
  political power
• some authors prefer the terms "subordinate group"
  and "dominant group" rather than "minority" and
  "majority
• "minority" typically refers to a socially
  subordination ethnic group (understood in terms
  of language, nationality, religion and / or
  culture)
• minority groups also include people with
  disabilities, "economic minorities" (working poor
  or unemployed), "age minorities" (who are younger
  or older than a typical working age) and sexual
  minorities

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Minority

• UN Special Rapporteur
• A group numerically inferior to the rest of the
  population of a State, in a non-dominant
  position, whose members being nationals of the
  State possess ethnic, religious or linguistic
  characteristics differing from those of the rest
  of the population and show, if only implicitly, a
  sense of solidarity, directed towards preserving
  their culture, traditions, religion or language.

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Sociology of minority groups
Sociologist Louis Wirth defined a minority group
as "a group of people who, because of their
physical or cultural characteristics, are singled
out from the others in the society in which they
live for differential and unequal treatment, and
who therefore regard themselves as objects of
collective discrimination.
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Ethnic Minority

• The term 'ethnic minority' is mainly used to
  denote people who are in the minority within a
  defined population on the grounds of 'race',
  colour, culture, language or nationality

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EUROPEAN ETHNIC MINORITIES

• Åland Islands Albanians Alsace Aosta
  Valley Arabs Aragon Armenians
  Aromanians Asturias Azores Basque Country
  Belarussians Bosniacs Brittany Bulgarians
  Bunjevci (Bunyevtsi) in Serbia Canary Islands
  Cashoubs Catalonia Cimbres Cornwall
  Corsica Crimea Croats Csángó Czechs
  Danes Estonians Faroe Islands

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EUROPEAN ETHNIC MINORITIES

• Finns Flanders Frisia Friuli Gagauzia
  Galicia Germans Greeks Grishun
  Hungarians Ingria Ireland (North)
  Italians Karelia Kosovo (Albanians)
  Kurdistan Ladins Latvians Lipovians
  Lithuanians Livonians Lorraine - Moselle
  Low Germans Ludians Luxembourgers
  Macedonians Madeira Man / Isle of Man
  Mirandians Mócheno Montenegro Moravia

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EUROPEAN ETHNIC MINORITIES

• Occitania Poles Pomaks Prussia
  Romanians Roms Russians Ruthenians Sápmi
  (Lappland) Sardinia Savoy Scania
  Scotland Serbs Seto Silesia Slovaks
  Slovenes Sorbs South Tyrol Swedes
  Tatars Transdniestr / Transnistria Turks
  Ukrainians Vepsia Võro Votes Wales
  Wallonia Walser Yenishes Yiddish

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National minority

• to be a citizen of a nation-state