Meeting NFPA 1710: Using GIS to Model Ideal Fire Station Allocation

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Meeting NFPA 1710 Using GIS to Model Ideal Fire
Station Allocation
Jennifer Weisser GIS Coordinator Deerfield
Township
Randall W. Hanifen Adjunct Professor/Fire
Officer University of Cincinnati/ Deerfield
Township
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Project Beginnings

• Fire station locations
• Where to locate a new station?
• Where to relocate a station?

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Interdepartmental Solutions

• Need expertise from both GIS and Fire Departments
  to approach this project
• Building relationships with other governmental
  entities to facilitate data exchange

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Fire Literature

• 1710 4.1.2.1? time objectives for call response
• 1710 Appendix A ? explanation of standard
  language
• 90 of calls within 6 minute response
• 1 minute dispatch time
• 1 minute turnout time
• 4 minute drive time
• Fractile vs. average
• 90 fractile is 5.5 minutes
• Average is 3.5 minutes

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Fire Literature

• Fire Protection Handbook 20th edition volume 2
  section 12 chapter 13 GIS for fire station
  locations and response protocols (AKA ESRI white
  paper)
• Incident analysis
• Travel time modeling
• Importance of response time ? fire EMS
• Fire department total reflex time sequence ?
  dispatch time, turnout time, response time,
  access time setup time
• Reducing response times
• NFPA 1221 ? standard for installation maintenance
  use of emergency services communication

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Measuring Distance

• Euclidean

• Network

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Data - Street Network

• Clean geometry
• One-way designations
• Hierarchies
• Speed limits
• Segment distance
• Conversions calculations
• Length_miles Shape_length/5280
• Minutes Length_miles(60/speed_limit)

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Data - Turning Penalties
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Analysis Settings
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Service Area Generation
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Service Area Generation

• No Trim

• Trimmed

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Service Area Generation

• Detailed Polygons

• Generalized Polygons

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Statistical Verification of Model

• Paired t-test
• To compare historical call times (reality) to
  calculated response time (model)
• Objective ? keep null hypothesis

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Service Areas
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Model Applications

• Calculate the existing service areas for the
  current configuration of fire stations
• Alternative scenarios of fire station
  arrangements
• Impact of preempting devices on service areas
• Evaluation of emergency response zone borders
  mutual aid with other jurisdictions
• Location allocation
• Assisting with the accreditation process

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Contact Info

• Jennifer Weisser
• 513-701-6967
• jweis_at_deerfieldtwp.com
• Randall W. Hanifen
• 513-266-6124
• Randall.Hanifen_at_uc.edu