Urb.dipl. Victor GHEORGHE

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Urb.dipl. Victor GHEORGHE
PlanCoast case study Romanian Black Sea

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1. Internal waters 2. Up to 12 miles Territorial
seas (territorial waters) represent a band of a
water with a width of 12 miles. The initial line
for its position is the line of the lowest low
tide passing along the shore Territorial waters
are a part of the territory of the coastal
nation. 3. Up to 24 miles Adjacent zone 4. Up to
200 miles Exclusive Economic Zone In EEZ the
coastal state has sovereign rights for the
purposes of investigation, development and
preservation of natural resources and also the
right to control these resources.5. Up to 350
miles or 100 miles from a depth 2,500m
Continental shelf.  6. The high seas
The scheme of the division of maritime areas
according to UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on
the Law of the Sea) 1982
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Countries bordering the Black Sea are Turkey,
Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, and
Georgia. The catchment area of the Black Sea
includes major parts of seventeen countries and
the second, third, and fourth largest rivers in
Europe, respectively the Danube, Dnieper and Don
rivers.
Source Black Sea Transboundary Diagnostic
Analysis
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• Major problems
• Decline in Black Sea Commercial Fish Stocks
• Loss of habitats, notably wetlands
• Loss or imminent loss of endangered species
• Degradation of the Black Sea landscape
• Especially the Romanian coast has been suffering
  under high rates of erosion.The regions coasts
  are mainly sandy beaches, which are directly
  exposed to wave action.

Source Black Sea Transboundary Diagnostic
Analysis
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The Black Sea Coast stretches out for 244km. The
water of the Black Sea has a low salinity in
comparison with other inland seas (only 17) and
there is a virtual absence of tides and currents.
The Black Sea is a semi-enclosed sea being
connected to the Sea of Marmara through the
Bosporus strait and to the Mediterranean through
the strait of the Dardenelles.An important
characteristic of the Romanian coastal area is
represented by the differentiation between the
northern unit (Musura Bay - Cape Midia 165 km)
and the southern one (Cape Midia Vama Veche -
aprox. 99 km). While the northern unit is focused
on the preservation of nature (Danube Delta
Biosphere Reserve - DDBR), the southern one has
mainly developed harbor activities, industry and
tourism.
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• TWO PARTNERS
• National Institute for Marine Research and
  Development, "Grigore Antipa - www.rmri.ro
• National Institute for Research and Development
  on Urban and Spatial Planning "Urbanproiect
  www.incdurban.ro

• MAJOR TASKS
• Marine Spatial Plan
• Two Pilot Projects Sulina and Constanta area

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• MARINE SPATIAL PLAN (MAP)
• Shipping routes
• Anchorage areas
• Nature protection areas (Natura 2000, RAMSAR
  sites and World heritage)
• Gas and oil Exploatations Connecting pipelines
• Fishing areas
• Telecom Cables
• Pollution Hot Spots
• Windfarms
• Aquaculture
• Pipelines
• Sand and Gravel Extraction
• Military Training Areas

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Hot spots are defined as the dominant point
sources on the coast of the Black Sea affecting
human health, ecosystems, sustainability or
economy. 49 hot spots have been identified in the
region 9 of them in Bulgaria, 6 in Georgia, 6 in
Romania, 8 in Russia, 10 in Turkey and 10 in
Ukraine.
Name Type Relative Importance Index
Fertilchim Fertilizer 100
Petromedia Petrochemistry 77
Constanta North Domestic 77
Eforie South Domestic 74
Mangalia Domestic 74
Constanta South Domestic 74
Source Black Sea Transboundary Diagnostic
Analysis
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The Black Sea Fiber Optic Cable System BSFOCS
has 1300km and is designed with two fiber pairs
operating at 2,5 Gb/s. Th system is operational
since September 2001and has landing points in
Bulgaria (Varna), Russia (Novorossiysk) and
Ukraine (Odesa)
Source Black Sea Transboundary Diagnostic
Analysis
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Romanias main fishery production component is
aquaculture, followed by inland fisheries. It is
a dramatic production decline. The 2005
production levels were as follows aquaculture
7.284 tons (54,55), inland water fishing 4.042
tons (30,27), Black Sea fishing 2.026 tons
(15,17). Sea fishing, conducted along the
Romanian coastline, is limited to the marine
areas up to 60-meter isobaths, as a consequence
of the characteristics of the vessels and their
limited autonomy. Romanian recorded Black Sea
catches declined from 16.000 tons in the 1980s to
about 2.000 tons in recent years. Romanias share
in the overall Black Sea catches in 2004 was only
0,4  (source FAO FishStat). There are 100.000
ha designated for aquaculture activities in
Romania, structured as follows 84.500 ha fish
farms, 15.500 hatcheries, and 25 ha trout
farms. Currently, there is nearly no marine
aquaculture in Romania, although some studies
suggest that there is some scope for developing
this field.
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Black Sea Captures of Romania, 1970 - 2004
Source FAO FishStat
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In the Black Sea already exists and important
submarine gas pipeline namely the Blue Stream.
The pipe is aimed to supply Turkey with Russian
natural gas via the Black Sea offshore area
avoiding third countries. Blue Stream is
1213-km-long and it has a capacity of 16 billion
cubic metres of gas a year. It has been
officially inaugurated In November 2005. South
Stream is a proposed gas pipeline to transport
Russian natural gas to Italy. The pipeline is
planned to carry 30 billion cubic meters (bcm) of
gas annually.The memorandum has been signed in
Rome on 23 June 2007. The construction is
expected to be completed in less than three
years. The 900 kilometers long offshore section
of South Stream would start from the Beregovaya
compressor station at the Russias Black Sea
coast, and would run to Bulgaria's Varna. The
Nabucco pipeline is a planned natural gas
pipeline that will transport natural gas from
Turkey to Austria, via Bulgaria, Romania, and
Hungary. This pipeline will not go offshore and
it will bring gas supplies from Iran, Azerbaijan,
Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Egypt and Syria.
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Source FAO FishStat
Nabucco project
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The two partners from Romania have decided
together to address both types of planning
documents which are possible to be drawn for the
Romanian Coastal Area. By this we mean Spatial
Planning documentations and Urban Planning
documentations.
Name of Pilot Project Pilot Project RO1 Sulina
Project objectives General Urban Plan for Sulina City
Problems and issues The City of Sulina is situated in the Northern part of the Romanian Black Sea Coastal Area and it is part of the Danube Delta Biological Reservation. This situation will produce specific restrictions for the development of this area.
Name of Pilot Project Pilot Project RO2 Southern Romanian Black Sea Coastal Area
Project objectives Zonal Spatial Plan for Southern Romanian Black Sea Coastal Area
Problems and issues The Southern Coast is facing specific problems different from the ones faced on the Danube Delta Biological Reservation. The economical pressure on the development of this area is much more visible, specific and balanced protective measure needs to be established.
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• What we have studied so far?
• Evolution of population
• How much we build and what is the quality
• How is the area evolving from economical point
  of view

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ROMANIA
  Turnovers in 2000 (Euro) Turnovers in 2006 (Euro) Number of firms in 2000 Number of firms in 2006 The number of employees in 2000 The number of employees in 2006
1st sector 2.496.653.456 13.400.998.036 3.525 9.298 252.860 232.447
S2 construction 1.844.602.739 12.109.867.506 8.429 27.912 267.617 385.658
2nd sector 13.364.955.937 73.463.165.707 32.219 75.612 1.932.776 1.969.377
S3 hotels 400.583.265 2.033.551.205 7.833 16.129 70.980 114.637
3rd sector 14.950.708.173 96.701.566.248 106.946 266.736 1.081.828 1.824.207
TOTAL 30.812.317.566 183.565.729.991 142.690 351.646 3.267.464 4.026.031

STUDY AREA
  Turnovers in 2000 (Euro) Turnovers in 2006 (Euro) Number of firms in 2000 Number of firms in 2006 The number of employees in 2000 The number of employees in 2006
1st sector 26.865.945 162.838.164 77 249 1.742 3.032
S2 construction 76.432.444 319.807.784 337 2.368 10.203 12.941
2nd sector 497.594.257 3.613.541.708 990 962 37.730 51.242
S3 hotels 30.586.550 128.379.457 500 975 4.908 7.433
3rd sector 554.089.705 3.028.077.687 4.117 10.686 44.067 76.094
TOTAL 1.078.549.908 6.804.457.558 5.184 11.897 83.539 130.368
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• Romania is facing West rather then East
• Only 40 of the Romanian coast is viable for
  economical development, the rest being a World
  heritage site
• Constanta area IS VERY IMPORTANT for Romania as
  a whole but mainly AS A GATEWAY for goods and
  products
• Mithbusted ? The Black Sea resorts are the
  main touristic attraction of Romania FALSE -
  only 6,3 of the total turnovers from the hotels
  and restaurants activities are produced in this
  area
• The pressure from the activities on the
  territorial waters is currently reduced only few
  conflicts have been identified so far

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• The borders of the towns are diluting and there
  is a clear tendency to build in the metropolitan
  areas around the cities
• Renascence of the rural areas (the future EU
  funds will emphasize this)
• In the studied area .. WE HAVE A CHAMPION the
  administrative unit 23 August (Unirea) increase
  in population, new buildings and important
  economic growth
• a protected area situated on the sea immediately
  near the coast should trigger restrictions on the
  land side (Limanu case)

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