The Great Depression

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CHAPTER 24

• The Great Depression
• 1927 1933
• . . . the one supreme objective for the future
  in one word Security . . . means not only
  physical security which provides safety from
  attacks by aggressors. . . includes economic
  security, social security. . . . essential to
  peace is a decent standard of living for all
  individual men and women and children in all
  nations. Freedom from fear is eternally linked
  with freedom from want. Franklin D. Roosevelt

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Election of 1928
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Election of 1932
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Chapter Review

• Describe the presidential election of 1928, and
  briefly outline the strengths and weaknesses of
  candidates Herbert Hoover and Al Smith.
• Provide some of the reasons for the stock market
  crash of 1929.
• Explain the onset of the Great Depression and
  explain some of Hoovers efforts to fight it.
• Briefly describe the effects of the worldwide
  depression in the 1930s on American foreign
  policy.
• Explain in general terms why the Democratic party
  was successful in capturing the presidency in
  1932.

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Identifications

• Franklin D. Roosevelt
• Al Smith defeated by Hoover in 1928
• Stock market crash of 1929
• Black Thursday
• Hoovervilles
• Good Neighbor Policy
• Brain Trust Red Rexford Tugwell new
  Constitution
• Bonus Army
• Scottsboro Boys
• Twentieth Amendment

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I. The Election of 1928

• Herbert Hoover campaigns as self-made man
• Alfred Smith loses, mostly because of his
  Catholicism and anti-Prohibition stance
• Hoover wins landslide victory, in part due to
  prosperity of country

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II. The Stock Market Crash of 1929

• Crash of October 1929 shocks Americans and
  creates financial crisis
• Crash has several causes, including margin
  trading and lack of government control
• More Americans have been investing, often without
  knowledge, and many are hurt

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III. The Great Depression

• Problems include unequal distribution of wealth,
  poor agriculture, and European loans
• With no government programs in place, Congress
  attempts a few things but has little success
• Depression becomes worldwide

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IV. Hoovers Programs to Fight the Depression

• Unemployed face discrimination and farmers become
  desperate
• Homelessness and dissatisfaction with government
  increase
• Movies and music offer small amount of comfort

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Mexican Population in the United States, 1930
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V. A Darkening World

• League of Nations appears helpless when Japan
  invades Manchuria
• Americans seem not to notice as Hitler and
  Mussolini become more menacing in Europe

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Japanese Invasion of Manchuria
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VI. A Political Opportunity for the Democrats

• Democrats see their chance as economy slides, and
  Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes their presidential
  candidate
• FDR pledges new deal for Americans, and
  Hoovers chances dim further after the Bonus
  March
• FDR defeats Hoover, but America looks forward to
  inauguration day with little sense of rejoicing