Network Elements and Services - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 41
About This Presentation
Title:

Network Elements and Services

Description:

IP Address Formats. CS 695 Network Management Techniques. CS 695 Network ... ARP is used to map an IP address to a MAC (or link level, or hardware) address. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:14
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 42
Provided by: mywebBro
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Network Elements and Services


1
Network Elements and Services
  • CS 695 Network Management Techniques
  • Prof. P. T. Chung

2
Outline
  • 1. Networking - Concepts
  • 2. Internet Communication Protocols
  • 3. Network Elements
  • 4. Network Management Related Protocols

3
1. Networking - Concepts
  • Network Classifications
  • Network Technologies
  • Network Transmission Media
  • Network Elements

4
Network Classifications
  • Networks Classified by Applications
  • Data Communication Network
  • Telecommunication Network
  • Networks Classified by Distance
  • LAN (Local Area Network)
  • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
  • WAN (Wide Area Network)

5
Network Classifications (Conti)
  • Networks Classified by Switching
  • Packet Switching
  • Circuit Switching
  • Networks Classified by Transmission Media
  • Wired Network
  • Wireless Network

6
Network Technologies
Gigabit Ethernet
ATM
Bandwidth
Fast Ethernet
FDDI
MAN SMDS
Frame Relay
Ethernet Token Ring
ISDN (basic rate)
Distance
LAN
MAN
WAN
7
Transmission Media
8
Network Elements
  • LAN/Internet Elements
  • Repeater
  • Hub
  • Bridge
  • Switch
  • Router
  • Gateway
  • WAN Elements
  • Modem
  • Repeater
  • ADM (Add-Drop Multiplexer)
  • Cross-Connect
  • Switch
  • Multiplexer
  • Concentrator

9
OSI Communication Architecture
Application protocol
Application
Application
Presentation protocol
Presentation
Presentation
Session protocol
Session
Session
Transport protocol
Transport
Transport
Network
Network
Network
Network
Data Link
Data Link
Data Link
Data Link
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Host A
IMP 1
IMP 2
Host B
10
2. Internet Communication Protocols
  • The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
  • TCP/IP Layers ( or TCP/IP Suite )
  • Application Layer
  • Host-to-host, or transport layer
  • Internet Layer
  • Network Access Layer
  • Physcical Layer

11
Internet Communication Protocol
Application
Transport
Internet
Network Access
Data Link
12
IP (Internet Protocol)
  • Mainly provides multiple routes or Routing
    capabilities.
  • Protocol Characteristics
  • Connectionless, Unreliable
  • IP Addressing
  • Every host in TCP/IPnetwork has one 32-bit IP
    address.
  • 140.131.76.1

13
IP Address
  • length4 Bytes (32-Bit)
  • IP address
  • Network Address
  • Subnet
  • Host Address)

Subnet
Host
Network
Host
14
IP Address Formats
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
Network Mask
  • Set 1 for bits in Network Address and Subnet, and
    set 0 for other bits in IP address
  • Class A ? 255.0.0.0
  • Class B ? 255.255.0.0
  • Class C ? 255.255.255.0
  • IP address ? Logical AND (Network Mask, IP
    Address)

19
Routers and the IP Addressing Principle
  • Routers have two or more addresses. One for each
    interface.

20
Routing Table
IF ((Maski Destination Addr)
Destinationi) Forward to NextHopi
21
IP Forwarding Process
22
  • IF ((Maski Destination Addr)
    Destinationi)
  • Forward to NextHopi

23
Port
  • Each hosts application layer (or processing
    layer) may have different application, service,
    or resource. Once a host received data from
    network, transport layer should have a mechanism
    to provide and distinquish network application
    service so that it could send data to correct
    processing program.
  • Each upper-level communication application
    service or program maps to a unique TCP or UDP
    Port Number.

24
Common TCP/IP Application Services and Port
Numbers
TCP
UDP
21 FTP 23 Telnet 25 SMTP 53 DNS 79 Finger 80 HTTP
110 POP3 119 NNTP 123 NTP
53 DNS 67 BOOTP 69 TFTP 161 SNMP 162 SNMP-Trap
Port 11024,for Internets
25
3. Network Elements
  • Repeater
  • Hub
  • Bridge
  • Switch
  • Router
  • Routing Switch
  • Gateway


26
Repeater
  • Operates at Layer 1, the physical layer.
  • Connects two network segments into one large
    segment, or to expand an existing segment.
  • Enhances data signals and thus can be used to
    extend maximum cabling distances.
  • There is no network intelligence built into a
    simple repeater it is used strictly for signal
    propagation.

27
Hub
  • Operates at Layer 1, the physical layer.
  • Simply a multiport repeater.
  • Can be used to increase overall network size and
    number of nodes on a single segment.
  • Can isolate faults within the subnet.
  • Allows you to add stations to a segment without
    disrupting the entire network.

28
Bridge
  • Operates at Layer 2, the data link layer.
  • Allows networks with different physical
    signaling, but with compatible data link
    addressing schemes, to communicate.
  • Helps reduce traffic on a backbone LAN by
    filtering any information coming from one segment
    to another that does not need to be forwarded
    through the backbone.
  • A common use for a bridge is to allow users on an
    Ethernet LAN and a Token Ring LAN to communicate
    with each other.

29
Bridge Example
Application
Presentation
Session
Bridge
Transport
Data Link
Data Link
Physical
Physical
30
Switch
  • Operates at Layer 2, the data link layer.
  • Dispatches data to its destination, which it
    determines from the packets lower-layer media
    access control (MAC) address.
  • Can limit traffic, and does not understand
    network protocols.

31
Router
  • Operates at Layer 3, the network layer.
  • Connects two networks with different
    technologies, and provides an intelligent means
    of transferring packets from one network to the
    other.
  • Also forwards traffic among multiple hubs and
    bridges.

32
Router Example
Application
Presentation
Session
Router
Transport
33
Routing Switch
  • Operates at Layer 3, the network layer.
  • Combines the intelligence of a router with the
    efficiency of a switch,
  • Routing data at higher speeds.

34
Gateway
  • Operates at Layer 7, the application layer.
  • Can encompass all seven of the OSI model layers.
  • A computing system that can be programmed to do
    any number of intricate protocol conversions and
    negotiations, such as between IP and IPX.

35
(No Transcript)
36
4. Network Management related Protocols
  • SNMPv1
  • SNMPv2C
  • ICMP
  • ARP/RARP
  • DHCP

37
SNMPv1 (Simple Network Management Protocol
version 1)
  • The most common management protocol in use in
    data networks.
  • Provides a means of obtaining information from,
    and sending information to, network devices.
  • Based on the manager-agent model.
  • Uses Management Information Bases (MIBs) to
    exchange information between the manager and the
    agent.
  • Using the SNMP protocol, a manager can query and
    modify the status and configuration information
    on each managed device by making requests to the
    agent running on the managed device.
  • All commands use the UDP/IP protocol, which means
    that communication between the manager and the
    agent is connectionless.
  • SNMP operates at Layer 7, the application layer.

38
SNMPv2C (version 2)
  • SNMPv2C includes the basic functions of SNMPv1.
  • Adds
  • new message types,
  • standardized multi-protocol support,
  • enhanced security,
  • new MIB objects, and
  • a way to co-exist with SNMPv1.
  • SNMPv2C is useful for the retrieval of large
    amounts of management information using fewer
    network resources.

39
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
  • ICMP is the part of IP that handles error and
    control messages.
  • ICMP operates at Layer 3, the network layer.
  • ICMP supports an echo function, which sends a
    packet on a round-trip between two hosts.
  • Ping, which sends a signal to see if an interface
    is up and running, is based on ICMP echo.
  • ICMP can also send an address mask request that
    returns the address of the subnet mask on the
    remote system. This feature is important for
    non-SNMP devices.

40
ARP/RARP (Address Resolution Protocol / Reverse
ARP)
  • ARP/RARP are used at Layer 2, the link layer,
  • ARP is used to map an IP address to a MAC (or
    link level, or hardware) address.
  • RARP is used to map a MAC address to an IP
    address.

41
DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
  • DHCP allows IP addresses to be allocated on a
    temporary basis (a lease).
  • When the lease for an IP address expires, the
    address can be reused by a different node.
  • This is useful in environments supporting mobile
    users who connect to the network with a laptop
    from many different places.
  • This helps alleviate the problem of limited IP
    addresses and simplifies TCP/IP client
    configurations.
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com