100 Year Presentation

1
(No Transcript)
2
The United States in 1902

• The average life expectancy was 47 years
• 1 in 10 adults couldnt read or write only 6
  graduated from high school
• The average wage was 22 cents per hour, the
  average worker made 200-400 per year
• There were only 8,000 cars and 144 miles of paved
  roads -- the speed limit was 10 mph
• Only 8 of homes had telephones, a 3-minute call
  from Denver to NYC cost 11

3
Health Practices in 1902

• Only 14 of homes had a bathtub
• More than 95 of births took place at home
• Most women washed their hair once a month
• The leading causes of death were
• Pneumonia and Influenza
• Tuberculosis
• Diarrhea
• Heart Disease
• Stroke

4
And FinallyIn 1902

• Cola drinks contained cocaine -- hence the term
  Coke
• Marijuana, heroin, and morphine were available
  OTC.
• According to one pharmacist, Heroin clears the
  complexion, gives buoyancy to the mind, regulates
  the stomach and the bowels, and is, in fact, a
  perfect guardian of health.

5
Lillian Wald

• Opened Henry Street Settlement in 1893
• Was nurse and social worker
• Founder of Public Health Nursing
• Worked with the poor of NYC

6
Lillian Wald - Nursing Pioneer

• Provided healthcare to immigrants
• Read about School Nursing in England
• In 1902 proposed experiment to put a nurse in the
  NYC schools

7
The First School NurseLina Rogers

• GOAL -- TO KEEP KIDS IN SCHOOL (rather than
  policy of excluding them)
• High rate of communicable diseases
• Previously sent home -- with instructions
• Aim to treat at school when possible
• Make home visits to educate parents how to treat
  at home

8
School Nurse Experiment

• Began October 1, 1902 in 4 schools
• Lina Rogers had one month to show a school nurse
  could make a difference!!
• After one month, 12 more nurses hired!!
• Careful record keeping documented effectiveness
  of her program
• Sept 1902 10,567 students excluded
• Sept 1903 1,101 students excluded

9
The Work of the School Nurse

• Describes work, supplies, protocols, and role in
  AJN
• Says SN can examine 3000 students each week!
• 9-11 Classroom inspections
• 11-12 Treated identified cases
• 1 - 3 Classroom inspections
• 3 -? Averaged 5 home visits daily
• Reports that Head Lice virtually disappeared in
  schools with nurse!!

Lina Rogers
10
The Growth of School Nursing

• The Board of Education allocated money to
  increase the number of nurses.
• By 1905, 181 NYC schools had nurses
• Soon nurses added to schools in Boston,
  Philadelphia, Baltimore, Grand Rapids -- then Los
  Angeles, and Seattle.
• Success of School Nursing spread because school
  nurses showed they did make a difference in
  helping children become healthy and stay in
  school.

11
Lina Rogers Vision for the Future

• Doctors and nurses would work together in schools
  to provide cost effective treatment
• Having adequate dispensaries to refer low income
  children for care
• Having dispensaries located in the schools where
  school nurses and doctors actually treated
  children so they would not miss classes and have
  access to services

12
Todays Challenges

• World a different place in 2002
• Many problems different
• Many problems the same
• Challenge to keep children, their families, and
  communities working together to promote health
• Keep kids in school and ready to learn
• Document our contribution in concrete way

13
Join in the Celebration of100 Years of School
Nursing

• www.nasn.org