CURRENT HEALTH PROBLEMS IN MALAYSIA: Cardiovascular Disease Heart Failure

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CURRENT HEALTH PROBLEMS IN MALAYSIA
Cardiovascular Disease - Heart Failure

• By
• Shiraaj bin Mohd Rasol
• Siti Nooraini binti Mohamad Yusof

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DEFINITION

• Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of
  diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels
  (arteries and veins)
• The No. 1 Fatal Disease in MALAYSIA and WHOLE
  world
• Mainly Heart Failure- Inability of cardiac output
  to meet the demand of the body
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disea
  se

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CURRENT STATUS
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LIFE STYLE

• Smoking
• - Prevalence 21 (1985) - 31 (2000)
• - aged 15
• - total of (ext) 5 mil. smokers 14
  ciggarettes/day
• - National Healthy Lifestyle Campaign- 43
  attempted to quit- majority failed
• source Clinical Practice Guideline on Treatment
  of Tobacco Use and Dependence, 2003,
  Ministry of Health, Malaysia

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LIFESTYLES

• Food
• - lack of awareness of importance of proper diet
• - Use of high risk factors condensed milk, oil
• - National Healthy lifestyle campaign
• - ban fast food advertisements on children's
  television to curb obesity and diet-linked
  diseases
• - food manufacturer to label their
  products with calorie content charts
• source Sean Yoong, Associated Press Writer   
  March 5, 2007

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LIFESTYLES

• Exercise
• - Inc. awareness at school level - more
  thorough physical education system
• - Benefits
• - Flexibility exercises such as stretching
  improve the range of motion of muscles and
  joints.
• - Aerobic exercises such as cycling, walking,
  running, hiking, and playing tennis focus on
  increasing cardiovascular endurance.
• -Anaerobic exercises such as weight training,
  functional training or sprinting increase
  short-term muscle strength.
• source www.wikipedia.com/exercise

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ETIOLOGY

• 1) Heart attack - damaged heart muscle acute
  myocardial infarction
• 2) Prolonged pumping against a chronically
  increased afterload eg during hypertension and
  stenotic valves

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Heart Failure Primary Defect

• Differential Diagnosis
• 1) abnormal QRS waveform stress test
• 2) echocardiography
• 3) characteristics enzyme released
  cardiomocytes measurement of
  concentration in blood
• cardiac contractility ejection
  pressure reduced V of stroke volume

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Compensated Heart Failure

• symphatetic activity
  contactility towards normal
• at kidneys, due to blood flow, it retain
  
• - salt
• - V of water during urine formation
  
• blood V
• source Human Physiology (International Student
  Association), Lauralee Sherwood

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De-compensated Heart Failure

• A point where heart could no longer pump normal
  stroke volume DESPITE compensatory measure
• Result
• 1) Forward Failure
• failure of heart to pump adequate
  amount of blood to the tissues lowered stroke
  V
• 2) Backward Failure
• Blood unable to enter and leave blood dam
  up at venous system
• - congestive heart failure

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Systolic VS Diastolic Failure

• Systolic Decreased cardiac contractility
• Diastolic Heart has trouble filling

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HEALTH STATUS in MALAYSIA

• World leader in surgical gloves and catheters
  (rubber based)
• - most supplies are imported
• - Government encourages manufacture of more
  expensive and advanced equipment
• shortages in the number of doctors and other
  medically trained personnel quick-fix
  solution recruitment of 1,000 foreign doctors
  increased scholarship for medicine study abroad
• Ninth Malaysia plan (2006-2010)
• - RM2.0 billion-spent on developing rural
  health services, an increase of more than 150
  from 2001-2005.
• - RD, that saw only RM28.9 million in the last
  five years, receive RM250.0 million.
• - Allocation for training has tripled.

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THE END.

• Thank you for your attention