Title: Securing IT Systems with the
1THE CENTER FOR
INTERNET SECURITY
SM
- Securing IT Systems with the
- Consensus Benchmarks
- and
- Scoring Tools
- Clint Kreitner
- www.cisecurity.org
- ckreitner_at_cisecurity.org
2Unfortunate, but true
- Through 2005, 90 percent of cyber attacks will
continue to exploit known security flaws for
which a patch is available or a preventive
measure known. - Gartner Group, May 6, 2002
3What is causing the vulnerabilities that are
being exploited?
- Software defects
- Fixed with vendor patches
- Lack of technical security controls
- Security settings made to enable or disable
security features of the OS software - Think of them as software switches
4Examples of security settings
- Password length, complexity
- Account lockout after X attempts
- Audit what system events?
- Idle time before logoff
- Users allowed to install print drivers?
- What unneededservices to disable?
- File system to use?
5Arent these standards adequate to improve user
security practice?
- ISO 17799
- COBIT from ISACA
- SysTrust, WebTrust from AICPA
- FISCAM from GAO
- Principles and Practices for Security of IT
Systems from NIST - Standard of Good Practice from ISF
6These standards are helpful, but incomplete
- They describe what to do, but not how
- These standards are effective only when
accompanied by details on how to implement their
requirements
7An Example from ISO 17799 9.7.1 Event
logging Audit logs recording exceptions and
other security-relevant events should be produced
and kept for an agreed period to assist in future
investigations and access control
monitoring. Audit logs should also include a)
user IDs b) dates and times for log-on and
log-off c) terminal identity or location if
possible d) records of successful and rejected
system access attempts e) records of successful
and rejected data and other resource access
attempts.
8One of several actions needed to implement event
logging on Sun Solaris systems cat ltltEND_SCRIPT
gt/etc/init.d/newperf !/sbin/sh /usr/bin/su sys
-c \ "/usr/lib/sa/sadc /var/adm/sa/sa\date
d\" END_SCRIPT chown rootsys
/etc/init.d/newperf chmod 744 /etc/init.d/newperf
rm -f /etc/rc2.d/S21perf ln -s /etc/init.d/newperf
/etc/rc2.d/S21perf /usr/bin/su sys -c crontab
ltltEND_ENTRIES 0,20,40 /usr/lib/sa/sa1 45
23 /usr/lib/sa/sa2 -s 000 -e 2359 -i 1200
-A END_ENTRIES
9Why has it been so difficult to proliferate good
security practice?
- Vendors have been shipping unconfigured systems
to users with technical security controls turned
off - Users dont know how to properly configure their
systems - Users are afraid to disrupt operations
- With patches or security settings
10Microsoft Issues Patches, but Users Dont Apply
Them
Forrester Research Report April 3, 2003
11Responding to the challenge
- Cosmos Club meeting Aug 2000
- Need to develop and proliferate detailed
technical best practices - The only true solution is try to raise the bar
everywhere--globally - Employ a consensus process to define best
practices that is driven by security savvy users
from the public and private sectors
12The Center for Internet Security (CIS)
- Formed in October 2000
- Modeled after other community initiatives, e.g.,
transportation safety - A not-for-profit consortium of users
- Convenes and facilitates teams that build
consensus benchmarks
13Some of the participants in the consensus effort
- Government
- Natl Inst Stds Tech.
- Infocomm DevelopmentAuthority of Singapore
- Naval Surface Warfare Center
- US Treasury Financial Management Service
- Washington State Dept. of Health
- Defense Info Sys Agency (DISA)
- Federal Reserve System
- NASA
- US Dept of Justice
- Library of Congress
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police
- Communications Security Establishment (Canada)
- Canadian CERT
- NSA
- GSA
- FedCIRC
- Dept Homeland Security
- State of Maryland
14Participants (contd)
- Commercial
- Eastman Kodak
- SASKTel
- LGE Energy
- Hallmark
- Intel
- Deutsche Telecom
- Caterpillar
- Baylor College of Medicine
- NCR
- Batelle
- U.S. Central Credit Union
- VISA
- Thomson Holdings
- Pitney Bowes
- First Union Corporation
- Intuit
- Union Bank of California
- Swiss Reinsurance Co
- Elemica
- Online Resources
- Agilent Technologies
- Shell Info. Tech. Intl
- PeopleSoft
- News Corporation
15More (contd)
- Consulting/Service
- IBM Business Consulting
- Grant Thornton
- Deloitte Touche
- ISS
- Symantec
- BindView
- NetIQ
- SecureNet Solutions
- RDA Corp
-
- CSC
- Procinct Security
- Solutionary
- Polivec
- Mobile Automation
- ConfigureSoft
- GFM Consulting
16More (contd)
- Universities
- Institute for Security Tech. Studies at Dartmouth
- Virginia Tech
- Monash University (Australia)
- Illinois Institute of Technology
- University of Missouri
- William Mary
- Utah State University
- University of California, SF
- New York University
17Auditing Participants
- Information Systems Audit and Control Association
(ISACA) - American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants (AICPA) - Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA)
18What has this public/private partnership
produced so far?
19Currently available
- Level I Configuration Benchmarks
- Solaris
- Linux
- HP-UX
- Windows NT
- Windows 2000
- Cisco Router IOS
20A Level I Benchmark
- Can be implemented by a sysadmin of any level of
security expertise - Can be monitored by a compliance tool
- Is not likely to break any function
- Represents a baseline level of security
21Currently available
- Gold Standard Benchmarks
- W2K Professional Level II
- W2K Server Level II
- CISCO Router IOS Level I/II
- Solaris Level I
22Also currently available
- Configuration Scoring Tools
- Solaris
- Linux
- HP-UX
- Windows NT
- Windows 2000 Server
- Windows 2000 Professional
- Cisco Router IOS
23(No Transcript)
24Under development
- Benchmarks and Scoring Tools for
- Oracle databases
- Apache
- Windows IIS
- Windows XP
- Windows Server 2003
- Catalyst Switches
- PIX Firewalls
- Check Point FW-1
- SQL Server
- Juniper Routers
25How is this work being done?
- Teams are formed with security experts from
member organisations - An initial benchmark draft is obtained or
developed - Consensus is established via email and conference
call discussion - A scoring tool is developed
- They are made available free to all users
globally via the CIS website - (www.cisecurity.org)
26The good news Case studies show that 80-90
of known vulnerabilities are blocked by the
security settings in the consensus benchmarks.
27Case Study Methodology
- (1) Scan a system out of the box and list
identified vulnerabilities - (2) Configure the system with the appropriate
benchmark - (3) Rescan the system and note the
vulnerabilities remaining
28Vulnerability Assessment Case studies
29Encouraging progress
- U.S. government promulgation of CIS benchmarks
and tools via FedCIRC - VISA adoption of CIS benchmarks for its
Cardholder Information Security Programs Digital
Dozen - Progress at the vendor level
- Dell now delivering pre-configured systems
- Top security experts from Microsoft, Sun, HP,
Cisco, and Oracle are active on the benchmark
consensus teams
30Benefits of using benchmarks and tools
- Substantially reduce the risk of unauthorized
intrusion - Following a recognized patching and configuration
standard demonstrates due care against legal
liability - Provides a basis for ongoing measurement and
reporting of security status to management
31Recommended policies
- Use govt purchasing power to buy only benchmark
configured systems from vendors - Encourage corporate and other institutional
buyers to do the same - Establish benchmark compliance as an audit
requirement - Encourage users in all sectors to download and
use the consensus benchmarks and tools
32- Thank you!
- ckreitner_at_cisecurity.org
- http//www.cisecurity.org