Expressing Hopes, Desires, and Requests

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Expressing Hopes, Desires, and Requests

• Present Subjunctive After Verbs of Wishing,
  Hoping, Commanding, and Requesting

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Indicative versus Subjunctive

• Verbs in indicative mood express statements or
  questions that are objective or factual.
• Carolina estudia para su examen de química
• Carolina is studying for the exam in her
  chemistry class.
• Verbs in the subjunctive mood are used for
  subjective or doubtful statements or questions.
• Espero que Carolina estudie para su examen de
  química.
• I hope that Carolina is studying for the exam in
  her chemistry class.
• My hope that Carolina is studying for the exam
  does not mean that she will do it this action is
  not an observable fact and therefore the
  subjunctive is used.

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Formation of the Present Subjunctive

• To form the present subjunctive
• Obtain the stem by dropping the o from the first
  person singular of the present tense.
• To the stem, add er ending to ar verbs and ar
  ending to er and ir verbs.

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Subjunctive Mood
Verbos en -ar Verbos en er Verbos en -ir
repasar aprender escribir

repase aprenda escriba
repases aprendas escribas
repase aprenda escriba
repasemos aprendamos escribamos
repaséis aprendáis escribáis
repasen aprendan escriban


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Irregular Verbs

• Verbs that irregular in the first person singular
  of the present indicative will show the same
  irregularity in all forms of the present
  subjunctive.
• HACER haga, hagas, haga, hagamos, hagáis, hagan
• CONOCER conozca, conozcas, conozca, conozcamos,
  conozcáis, conozcan.

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Spelling Changes

• Certain verbs will show spelling changes in the
  present subjunctive
• Verbs ending in
• -car change the c ? qu buscar busque
• -gar change the g ? gu pagar pague
• -zar change the z ? c organizar organice
• -ger change the g ? j escoger escoja

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Stem-changing verbs -ar -er

• Stem changing ar and er verbs follow the
  pattern of change of the present indicative all
  forms stem-change except nosotros and vosotros.
• ?

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Stem-changing Verbs Table
e?ie o ?ue e ?ie o ?ue
recomendar mostrar perder devolver
recomiende muestre pierda devuelva
recomiendes muestres pierdas devuelvas
recomiende muestre pierda devuelva
recomendemos mostremos perdamos devolvamos
recomendéis mostréis perdáis devolváis
recomienden muestren pierdan devuelvan
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Stem-changing ir Verbs

• Stem-ghanging ir verbs follow the pattern of
  change of the present indicative and show an
  additional stem change in the nosotros and
  vosotros forms.
• ?

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Stem-changing ir Verbs Table
e ?ie, i e ?i, i o ?ue, u
divertirse pedir dormir
me divierta pida duerma
te divierta pidas duermas
se divierta pida duerma
nos divirtamos pidamos durmamos
os divirtáis pidáis durmáis
se diviertan pidan duerman
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Something more

• Verbs whose present indicative yo form does not
  end in o have irregular subjunctive stems. The
  ending of such verbs are regular.
• DAR dé, des, dé, demos, déis, den
• ESTAR esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
• IR vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan
• SABER sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan
• SER sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean
• The present subjunctive of hayhaya

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Uses of the Subjunctive

• The subjunctive in Spanish is used to express
  subjectivity or that which is unknown.
• Expression of desire, hope, command, or request
  are among many Spanish verbs and phrases that
  create a doubtful or unknown situation and
  require the use of the subjunctive.

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Verbs to use subjunctive

• DESIRE desear, querer
• HOPE esperar, ojalá (que)
• COMMAND decir, dejar, es necesario, es preciso,
  exigir, insistir en, mandar, ordenar, permitir,
  prohibir
• ADVICE / REQUEST aconsejar, pedir, proponer,
  recomendar, rogar, sugerir

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• Decir is followed by the subjunctive when someone
  is told or ordered to do something. Decir is
  followed by the indicative when information is
  given.
• La profesora les dice a los estudiantes que
  entreguen la tarea.
• La profesora dice que los estudiantes entregan la
  tarea

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Indirect Object Pronoun Subjunctive

• Many of the expressions of command or advice /
  request will use indirect objects. In such cases
  the indirect object pronoun and the subjunctive
  verb ending refer to the same person.
• Te aconsejo que asistas a todas las clases.
• I advise you to attend every class.

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Subjunctive in sentences with two clauses

• Generally the subjunctive occurs in sentences
  with two clauses. The main or independent clause
  contains an expression that will require the use
  of the subjunctive in the second or subordinate
  clause when the subject is different from that of
  the main clause. If there is no change of
  subject, the infinitive is used.

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Change of Subject Subjunctive

• Bárbara quiere que salgamos para la universidad a
  las ocho.
• Barbara wants us to leave for the university at
  800.

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Same Subject Infinitive

• Bárbara quiere salir para la universidad a las
  ocho.
• Barbara wants to leave for the university at 800

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Correspondence between Spanish and English
Subjunctive

• There is little direct correspondence between the
  use of the subjunctive in Spanish and English. As
  a result, the Spanish subjunctive may translate
  into English with a subjunctive but will more
  likely translate with the present or future
  indicative or an infinitive.
• Compare the following translations of similar
  Spanish sentences.

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Different Tranlations of subjunctive

• Espero que estudien para el examen.
• I hope (that) they study for the exam.
• Ojalá que estudien para el examen.
• Hopefully they will study for the exam.
• Quiero que estudien para el examen.
• I want them to study for the exam.
• Insisto en que estudien para el examen.
• I insist (that) they study for the exam.

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