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Solubility

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Precipitation reactions. AgNO3(aq) NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) NaNO3(aq) formula unit equation ... counterion, which one will precipitate 1st? How much of that ion ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Solubility


1
Solubility
Not all ionic compounds are completely soluble in
water
All will dissolve up to saturation
Remaining solid added doesnt dissolve
No matter how much extra solid you add the
amount dissolved remains constant
Solubility grams solid per Liter of solution
Molar solubility mol solid per Liter of solution
2
Solubility Rules
1) Group I ( NH4) ionic cpds are soluble
2) NO3-, CH3COO-, ClO3-, and ClO4- cpds soluble
3) Cl- cpds soluble except AgCl, Hg2Cl2, and
PbCl2
4) SO42- cpds soluble except Pb and Ba
5) OH- cpds insoluble except GroupI Group II
Ca higher
6) CO32-, PO43-, and AsO43- cpds insoluble
except 1
Precipitation reactions
AgNO3(aq) NaCl(aq) ? AgCl(s) NaNO3(aq)
formula unit equation
Ag(aq) NO3-(aq) Na(aq) Cl-(aq) ?
AgCl(s) Na(aq) NO3-(aq) total ionic
equation
Ag(aq) Cl-(aq) ? AgCl(s) net ionic
equation
3
Insoluble compounds exist in equilibrium with
dissolved ions. Be able to represent this in
the form of a reaction.
The solubility product is the result of writing
the equilibrium expression for a solubility
reaction.
4
solubility (g L-1) molar solubility (mol
L-1) solubility product
1. Determine Molar solubility and Ksp from
solubility
Problem 8d SnI2 solubility 10.9 g L-1
5
2. Determine solubility and Molar solubility
from Ksp
AgCl Ksp 1.8 x 10-10
Mg(OH)2 Ksp 1.5 x 10-11 also what is pH?
6
Solubility Product Common Ion effect an
application of LeChateliers Principle
What is the solubility of CaCO3 .
KSP 4.8 x 10-9
In water? Ksp Ca2CO32-
Molar Solubility (x) 4.8 x 10-9 x2
In 0.5M Na2CO3 ?
Molar Solubility 4.8 x 10-9 x (0.5 x)
will x be small compared to 0.5?
7
Fractional Precipitation
If you have multiple ions in solution that all
precipitate with the same counterion, which one
will precipitate 1st?
How much of that ion will remain when the 2nd ion
begins to precipitate?
36 (pg 838) - 0.010 M of Cu, Ag, and Au
slowly add solid NaBr (neglect volume change)
ppt Ksp Ksp expression AgBr
3.3 x 10-13 AgBr- AuBr
5.0 x 10-17 AuBr- CuBr
5.3 x 10-9 CuBr-
2nd
1st
3rd
8
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