The Eastern Roman Empire

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The Eastern Roman Empire
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Questions

• How did the Eastern Roman Empire recover from the
  Arab invasions?
• Why do scholars refer to this empire as the
  Byzantine Empire?
• Why did Eastern and Western Christianity drift
  apart, and what caused the final break?
• What drove the Eastern Empire to the brink of
  collapse only fifty years after it reached the
  height of its power?

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Review

• Justinian I (r. 527-565)
• Heraclius (r. 610-641)
• The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750)
• Sunni and Shiite
• The Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258)

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The Era of Iconoclasm

• Leo III (r. 717-41)
• 717-18 Siege of Constantinople
• Iconoclasm
• Iconodoule/Iconophile
• Yazid III (r. 701-744)
• The consequences of Iconoclasm
• Patriarch and Pope
• Patriarch and Emperor

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The Macedonian Dynasty

• Basil I (r. 867-886)
• The Photian Schism
• The Eastern Orthodox Church
• Filioque
• The Bulgars
• The Tenth Century
• Romanus II (959-963)
• Theophano
• Nicephorus Phocas (963-969)
• John Tzimisces (969-976)
• Basil II Bulgaroktonos (r. 976-1025)
• Samuel (d. 1014)
• The Road to Manzikert
• The Schism of 1054
• Seljuk Turks
• Romanus IV Diogenes (1067-1071)
• The Battle of Manzikert (1071)