Climate Change, Hydrology, and

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• Climate Change, Hydrology, and
• Improved Water Supply
• in the West African Savanna
• Nick van de Giesen
• n.c.vandegiesen_at_tudelft.nl

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• Copenhagen
• Developed
• Developing

Dom Menta
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• Copenhagen
• Developed
• Developing

Scripps/NOAA
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• Talk
• Climate change ? Water
• Rural Africa

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Climate Change ? Water 1C ? 3 H2O 7 H2O
?
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Climate Change ? Water 1C ? 7 H2O
Science, 13 July 2007
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Climate Change ? Water 1C ? 7 H2O ? 23 H2O
!
GRL, 5 September, 2009
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• General Circulation Models

Global Temperature (C)
IPCC, 4th AR
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• General Circulation Models

Error rainfall (cm)
IPCC, 4th AR
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• General Circulation Models

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IPCC, AR4, WG II, Ch. 3
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IPCC, AR4, WG II, Ch. 3
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IPCC, AR4, WG II, Ch. 3
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• IPCC, AR4, WG II, Ch. 3
• quantitative projections of changes in
  precipitation, river flows, and water levels at
  the river-basin scale remain uncertain (very
  high confidence)

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• Global change

Vorosmarty et al, Science 289, July 2000
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Volta basin
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Volta basin

• 400,000 km²
• 18 million people, 650/yr
• Average rain 1000 mm/year
• 9 in rivers
• Lake Volta

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Volta basin Source Van de Giesen
et al, 2000
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Volta
Rainfall (CV 7) and Runoff (CV 36)
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Volta
Small change rain Large change riverflow
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Climate change Volta Source
Oguntunde et al, 2005
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Climate change On-set Monsoon
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Climate change On-set Monsoon
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Climate change On-set
Source Laux et al, 2008
Day of Year
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Climate change Modeling
Kunstman, 2002
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Climate change On-set S
ource Jung Kunstman, 2008
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Adaptation Flooding 2007, 2009
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Adaptation More concentrated rain gt more
groundwater, more river flow GVP
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Adaptation - reservoirs Source
Liebe et al., 2005
Tono
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Adaptation - reservoirs
Village level
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Adaptation - reservoirs
Village level
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Adaptation - reservoirs
Source Liebe et al., 2005
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Adaptation reservoirs www.s
mallreservoirs.org
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Adaptation - groundwater
Source Martin Van de Giesen, 2005
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Adaptation - groundwater lt
5! Source Martin Van de Giesen,
2005
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Adaptation - groundwater Source
Van den Berg, 2008
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Adaptation - groundwater
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• Adaptation groundwater
• Booming
• Capacity?
• Conflicts?
• GVP

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• Conclusions
• Climate change
• Hydrological change
• Effects largely unknown

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• Conclusions
• Climate change
• Hydrological change
• Effects largely unknown
• Volta
• Rainfall more peaky
• Reservoirs groundwater

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• Thank you for your attention!
• Nick van de Giesen
• n.c.vandegiesen_at_tudelft.nl
• www.wrm.tudelft.nl