Seat Belts. . . A Matter of Dollars and Sense. . .

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Seat Belts. . .A Matter of Dollars and Sense. .
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Ginger Floerchinger-Franks, M.S., Dr.P.H. Idaho
Department of Health Welfare Bureau of Health
Promotion Mary Hunter Idaho Transportation
Department Office of Highway Safety
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Topics To Be Covered

• Injury in Idaho versus U.S.
• TBI estimates
• Injury Prevention Strategies Overview
• The Seat Belt Connection
• Past Motor Vehicle Injury Prevention Efforts
• Costs

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YPLL- 65 U.S. Idaho, 2000
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10 Leading Causes of Death U.S. 2000
Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups
Rank lt1 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 All Ages
1 CongenitalAnomalies 5,743 UnintentionalInjury 1,826 UnintentionalInjury 1,391 UnintentionalInjury 1,588 UnintentionalInjury 14,113 UnintentionalInjury 11,769 MalignantNeoplasms 16,520 MalignantNeoplasms 48,034 MalignantNeoplasms 89,005 HeartDisease 593,707 HeartDisease 710,760
2 ShortGestation 4,397 CongenitalAnomalies 495 MalignantNeoplasms 489 MalignantNeoplasms 525 Homicide 4,939 Suicide 4,792 UnintentionalInjury 15,413 HeartDisease 35,480 HeartDisease 63,399 MalignantNeoplasms 392,366 MalignantNeoplasms 553,091
3 SIDS 2,523 MalignantNeoplasms 420 CongenitalAnomalies 198 Suicide 300 Suicide 3,994 Homicide 4,164 HeartDisease 13,181 UnintentionalInjury 12,278 Chronic Low.RespiratoryDisease 10,739 Cerebro-vascular 148,045 Cerebro-vascular 167,661
4 MaternalPregnancyComp. 1,404 Homicide 356 Homicide 140 Homicide 231 MalignantNeoplasms 1,713 MalignantNeoplasms 3,916 Suicide 6,562 LiverDisease 6,654 Cerebro-vascular 9,956 Chronic Low.RespiratoryDisease 106,375 Chronic Low.RespiratoryDisease 122,009
5 PlacentaCordMembranes 1,062 HeartDisease 181 HeartDisease 106 CongenitalAnomalies 201 HeartDisease 1,031 HeartDisease 2,958 HIV 5,919 Cerebro-vascular 6,011 DiabetesMellitus 9,186 Influenza Pneumonia 58,557 UnintentionalInjury 97,900
6 RespiratoryDistress 999 Influenza Pneumonia 103 BenignNeoplasms 62 HeartDisease 165 CongenitalAnomalies 441 HIV 2,437 LiverDisease 3,371 Suicide 5,437 UnintentionalInjury 7,505 DiabetesMellitus 52,414 DiabetesMellitus 69,301
7 UnintentionalInjury 881 Septicemia 99 Chronic Low.RespiratoryDisease 48 Chronic Low.RespiratoryDisease 91 Cerebro-vascular 199 DiabetesMellitus 623 Homicide 3,219 DiabetesMellitus 4,954 LiverDisease 5,774 Alzheimer'sDisease 48,993 Influenza Pneumonia 65,313
8 BacterialSepsis 768 PerinatalPeriod 79 Influenza Pneumonia 47 Cerebro-vascular 51 Chronic Low.RespiratoryDisease 190 Cerebro-vascular 602 Cerebro-vascular 2,599 HIV 4,142 Nephritis 3,100 Nephritis 31,225 Alzheimer'sDisease 49,558
9 CirculatorySystemDisease 663 BenignNeoplasms 53 Septicemia 38 Influenza Pneumonia 40 Influenza Pneumonia 189 CongenitalAnomalies 477 DiabetesMellitus 1,926 Chronic Low.RespiratoryDisease 3,251 Suicide 2,945 UnintentionalInjury 31,051 Nephritis 37,251
10 IntrauterineHypoxia 630 Chronic Low.RespiratoryDisease 51 Two Tied 25 BenignNeoplasms 37 HIV 179 LiverDisease 415 Influenza Pneumonia 1,068 ViralHepatitis 1,894 Septicemia 2,899 Septicemia 24,786 Septicemia 31,224
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10 Leading Causes of Death Idaho 2000
Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups Age Groups
Rank lt1 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 All Ages
1 CongenitalAnomalies 48 UnintentionalInjury 7 UnintentionalInjury 14 UnintentionalInjury 12 UnintentionalInjury 74 UnintentionalInjury 63 UnintentionalInjury 69 MalignantNeoplasms 176 MalignantNeoplasms 322 HeartDisease 2,129 HeartDisease 2,519
2 ShortGestation 16 CongenitalAnomalies 3 HeartDisease 3 Suicide 4 Suicide 31 Suicide 28 MalignantNeoplasms 65 HeartDisease 105 HeartDisease 224 MalignantNeoplasms 1,534 MalignantNeoplasms 2,128
3 SIDS 12 MalignantNeoplasms 1 CongenitalAnomalies 2 MalignantNeoplasms 2 MalignantNeoplasms 8 MalignantNeoplasms 17 HeartDisease 48 UnintentionalInjury 72 Chronic Low.RespiratoryDisease 52 Cerebro-vascular 660 Cerebro-vascular 720
4 MaternalPregnancyComp. 9 PerinatalPeriod 1 Influenza Pneumonia 1 Homicide 1 HeartDisease 3 Homicide 7 Suicide 28 LiverDisease 27 UnintentionalInjury 49 Chronic Low.RespiratoryDisease 501 Chronic Low.RespiratoryDisease 569
5 PlacentaCordMembranes 9 MalignantNeoplasms 1 DiabetesMellitus 2 DiabetesMellitus 5 LiverDisease 12 Suicide 25 DiabetesMellitus 43 Influenza Pneumonia 261 UnintentionalInjury 518
6 IntrauterineHypoxia 7 Homicide 2 CongenitalAnomalies 4 Cerebro-vascular 10 Cerebro-vascular 17 Cerebro-vascular 31 Alzheimer'sDisease 258 DiabetesMellitus 304
7 NeonatalHemorrhage 7 Influenza Pneumonia 2 HeartDisease 4 Homicide 10 DiabetesMellitus 13 LiverDisease 26 DiabetesMellitus 232 Influenza Pneumonia 288
8 UnintentionalInjury 5 Chronic Low.RespiratoryDisease 1 HIV 3 DiabetesMellitus 9 Chronic Low.RespiratoryDisease 12 Suicide 13 UnintentionalInjury 153 Alzheimer'sDisease 262
9 CirculatorySystemDisease 4 ComplicatedPregnancy 1 Influenza Pneumonia 3 CongenitalAnomalies 4 ViralHepatitis 9 Influenza Pneumonia 12 Parkinson'sDisease 84 Suicide 167
10 RespiratoryDistress 4 Two Tied 2 HIV 4 Influenza Pneumonia 7 Nephritis 10 Nephritis 81 LiverDisease 109
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TBI Versus All Injury Deaths

• U.S. Each Year
• TBI 33 of all injury deaths
• Idaho 1999 2001
• TBI 45 of all injury deaths

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TBI Annual Estimates U.S.

• 1.5 million new TBI annually
• 50,000 fatalities
• gt230,000 hospitalizations
• 80,000 long-term disabilities
• 5.3 million living with a TBI disability

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TBI Annual Estimates Idaho

• Based on U.S. estimates
• 7,000 new TBI
• 235 deaths
• gt1080 hospitalizations
• 375 long term disabilities
• 24,900 living with a TBI disability

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Changing Patterns Of TBI Fatalities U.S.

• Overall Rates are decreasing.

Firearms-related Increased to 1994.
Decreased since 1995.
Motor vehicle-related Decreased to 1994.

• Fall-related Rates are increasing.

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TBI Deaths United States 1989-1998

• Firearm-Related 40
• Ages 20 74
• Motor Vehicle-Related 34
• Ages 0-19
• Fall-Related 10
• Ages gt75

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Head Injury Deaths Idaho 1999 - 2001

• Average 320 per year
• Motor Vehicle-Related 50
• Firearm-Related 31
• Fall-Related 14

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Motor Vehicle Collisions - Idaho

• More than 5 Idahoans are either killed or
  seriously injured each day.
• Leading cause of death for ages 5 34.
• 83 of MVC deaths are aged gt 18 years.
• 60 of MVC fatalities involved a head injury.

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Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries Fatalities
Idaho 1997 - 2001

• 1,146 Fatalities
• 8,891 Serious Injuries
• 26,375 Visible Injuries

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INJURIES

• ARE NOT random accidents.
• ARE predictable.
• ARE preventable.

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Injury PreventionPublic Health Perspective

• Surveillance
• Risk Factor Identification
• Program Development Implementation
• Program Evaluation

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Motor Vehicle Injury PreventionTransportation
Perspective

• Engineering
• Enforcement
• Education
• Emergency Medical Services

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Haddon Injury Prevention

• Prevent the creation of the hazard.

• Prevent the release or distribution of the hazard.

• Modify the hazard.

• Increase resistance to the hazard.

• Counter damage done by the hazard.

• Stabilize, repair, rehabilitate damage.

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Haddon Matrix
FACTORS PHASES HUMAN AGENT OR VEHICLE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT SOCIOCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
PRE-EVENT
EVENT
POST-EVENT
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Haddon Matrix - MVC
FACTORS PHASES HUMAN AGENT OR VEHICLE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT SOCIOCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
PRE-EVENT
EVENT
POST-EVENT
Alcohol Use Drivers Vision
Brakes/Tires Ease of Control
Road Visibility Signs/Signals
Alcohol Attitudes
Driving Experience Use of Safety
Restraints
Vehicle Size Vehicle Speed
Guard Rails Recovery Areas
Speed Limits Type of Safety Restraint Laws
Age Physical Condition
Fuel System Integrity
Distance and Quality of EMS
Support for Trauma Care Systems
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