Geography and History

1
Chapter 3
Geography and History The Foundation of Cultural
Understanding
2
World Population by Major Areas and Life
Expectancy
1998 2025
2050 Life Regions
(millions) (millions) (millions)
Expectancy
at Birth 1990-1998
3-9
World 5,901
7,286 9,367
65 More-developed regions 1,812 1,214
1,162 75
Less-developed regions 4,719 6,072
8,205 63 Least-developed
regions 615 945 1,632
51 Africa
749 1,181 2,046
51 Asia
3,585 4,381 5,443
66 Europe
728 717 638
73 Latin America 503
625 810
69 Northern America 304
345 384 77 Oceania
29 40
46 74
SOURCE World Population-1998. United Nations
Population Division. Department of Economic and
Social Information and Policy Analysis, 2000.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
3
Rural and Urban Population. 1996-2030
(Population in thousands)

Urban Rural
Percent Urban Regions
1996 2030 1996 2030
1996 2030
World 2,636
5,117 3,132 3,255 45.7
61.1 More-developed regions 883
1,016 292 1,974 75.1
83.7 Less-developed regions 1,753 4,102
2,840 3,057 38.2
57.3 Least-developed regions 138 558
456 710 23.3
44.0 Africa
262 863 476 725 35.5
54.3 Asia
1,229 2,736 2,259 2,221
35.2 55.2 Europe
538 572 191 118
73.8 82.9 Latin America
357 599 127 121
73.8 83.2 Northern America
229 316 71 58
76.4 84.4 Oceania
20 31 9 11
70.1 74.5
3-10
SOURCE World Population-1998. United Nations
Population Division. Department of Economic and
Social Information and Policy Analysis, 2000.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
4
The Triad Trade Between the United States and
Canada, the European Community, and Japan. (
billions)
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
66.3
195.4
151.6
89.0
3-11
UNITED STATES CANADA
JAPAN
91.5
141.7
For additional figures see Indicators of Market
Size for 115 Countries I Crossborder Monitor,
August, 1997, pp.4-8
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
5
The Latin American Debt Crisis

• - In the late 1980s, Latin American debt was
  over 400 billion.
• Impacts
• 1) Export earnings go to pay debt
• 2) Harmful to many U.S. exporters
• 3) Hyperinflation
• Cause
• Largely a result of development planning
  policies actually characterized by nepotism and
  government corruption.
• Other Issues
• World Bank and U.S. pressured to forgive debt or
  at least refinance.
• - Threats of debt repudiation.