Chapter 42 Main Concepts

1
Chapter 42 - Main Concepts

• Transport systems functionally connect body cells
  with the organs of exchange
• Most invertebrates have a gastrovascular cavity
  or a circulatory system for internal transport
• Diverse adaptations of a cardiovascular system
  have evolved in vertebrates.

2
Main Concepts

• Rhythmic pumping of the mammalian heart drives
  blood through pulmonary and systemic circuits.
• The lymphatic system returns fluid to the blood
  and aids in body defense.
• Blood is a connective tissue with cells suspended
  in plasma.

3
Main Concepts

• Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of
  death in the United States and many other
  developed nations.
• Gas exchange supplies oxygen for cellular
  respiration and disposes of carbon dioxide.
• Gills are respiratory adaptations of most aquatic
  animals.

4
Main Concepts

• Tracheae are respiratory adaptations of insects.
• Lungs are the respiratory adaptations of most
  terrestrial vertebrates.

5
Points to Know

• What is a closed or open circulatory system?
• What are veins, arteries and capillaries?
• What are the chambers and valves of a vertebrate
  heart?
• What is the pathway of blood as it travels
  through the body?
• What are the components of blood?

6
Points to Know

• What is the relationship between the respiratory
  medium and the respiratory surface?
• What is countercurrent exchange?
• How is oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in the
  lungs?
• What are the oxygen dissociation curves for
  hemoglobin?
• What is myoglobin?