Chapter 5: Fertilizer A Source of Plant Nutrients

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Chapter 5 Fertilizer A Source of Plant
Nutrients

• Fertilizer Any material containing one or more
  of the essential nutrient that is added to the
  soil or to plant foilage for the purpose of
  supplementing the plant nutrient supply.

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Types of Fertilizer

• Simple Nutrient Containing only a single
  nutrient.
• Multi-Nutrient Referred to as mixed or complex
  fertilizers. (can be blended or homogeneous)

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Anhydrous Ammonia

• NH3
• 82-0-0
• Is combined with hydrogen
• Very energy intensive
• Ammonia is absorbed readily
• Injected in soil

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Aqua Ammonia

• NH4OH
• 20-0-0
• Dissolved in water
• Vapor pressure is low so can apply it with lower
  cost equipment
• Injected in soil or water

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Ammonia Nitrate

• NH4NO3
• 34-0-0
• Reacting nitric acid with anhydrous ammonia
• Prilled granulated or coated
• Applied by broadcast or drill

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Ammonia Nitrate - Lime

• 26-0-0
• Contains Calcium Carbonate (40 limestone)
• Same ways to apply as Ammonia Nitrate

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Ammonium Sulfate

• (NH4)2SO4
• 21-0-0-24S
• Contains 24 sulfur
• Made by reacting anhydrous ammonia with sulfuric
  acid
• Apply by drill or broadcast

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Calcium Nitrate

• 5Ca(NO3)2 NH4NO3
• 15.5-0-0-19 Ca
• Product of Nitric phosphatephosphate ore and
  ammonia
• Final product is white granular product

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Nitrogen Solutions

• Dry mixes in solution are used to enhance
  nitrogen availability
• AN-20 Ammonia Nitrate
• UAN-32 urea ammonium nitrate
• CAN-17 Calcium nitrate ammonium nitrate
• Salting out

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Urea

• CO(NH2)2
• 46-0-0
• Highest percent N of all dry fertilizers
• CO2 bubbled in Ammonia (pressure and
  temperatures)
• Highly water soluble
• Used in bulk blends

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Nitrogen Solutions

• Pressure or non pressure Pressure solutions
  have more free ammonia than the solution can
  absorb, thus it must be contained in vessel.
• AN-20, UAN-32,and CAN 17

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Single Superphosphate

• Ca(H2PO4)2 . H20 CaSO4 . 2H20
• 0-20-0
• Produced by reacting sulfuric acid with finely
  ground phosphate rock.
• Highly insoluble

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Triple Superphosphate

• Ca(H2PO4)2 . H20
• 0-45-0
• Produced by reacting phosphoric acid with finely
  ground phosphate rock.

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Ammonium Phosphate

• Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) 11-52-0
• Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) 18-46-0
• Ammonium Phosphate Sulfate 16-20-0-15(S)
• Tech higher grades of MAP DAP,
• 12-61-0 and 21-53-0.
• Liquid forms 8-24-0, 9-30-0, 10-34-0, 11-37-0

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Potassium Chloride

• KCL
• 0-0-60
• Known as Muriate of potash (MOP)
• Least expensive so most commonly used.

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Potassium Sulfate

• K2SO4
• 0-0-52
• Sulfate of Potash (SOP)
• Used in crops that are subject to chloride
  toxicity or where K S are deficient.

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Mono Potassium Phosphate

• KH2PO4
• 0-52-34
• MKP
• Useful dry or liquid

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Potassium Magnesium Sulfate

• K2SO4 . 2MgSO4
• 0-0-22-11Mg- 22S
• Does not contain chloride

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Potassium Nitrate

• KNO3
• 13-0-45
• Water soluble fertilizer for injection in
  irrigation systems foliar sprays.

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Organic Fertilizers

• Types?

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Controlled Released Fertilizers

• Why?