Copper and Molybdenum

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Copper and Molybdenum

• Copper deficiency is 2nd most common in world
• Much work in UK has surrounded distillery
  by-products pot-ale/pot-ale syrup/dark grains
• Can be primary or secondary (Fe/S/Mo)
• Controversy over mechanisms-
• Molybdenum toxicity Telfer (Black)
• Copper deficiency Laboratory anomalies (Suttle)

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Effect of dietary molybdenum and iron on plasma
copper concentration in heifers
Plasma Cu concentration (mmol/l)
Weeks on treatment
Phillippo et al., (1987)
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Effect of dietary molybdenum and iron on liver
copper concentration in heifers
Liver Cu concentration (mmol/l)
Weeks on treatment
Phillippo et al., (1987)
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Effect of dietary molybdenum and iron on
cumulative daily weight gain in heifers
Cumulative daily weight gain (kg)
Weeks on treatment
Phillippo et al., (1987)
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Effect of dietary molybdenum and iron on age at
reaching puberty in heifers
Age at puberty (days)
Treatment
Puberty Plasma progesterone gt1 ng/ml for gt6 days
Phillippo et al., (1987)
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Significant findings from Phillippo et al 1987

• Compared with controls and Fe groups Mo
  supplementation has marked effects- 
• Reduced LWG (Plt0.05 expt 1, Plt0.1 expt 2)
  (reduced food conversion efficiency) 
• Delayed onset of puberty (Plt0.05) 
• Lowered basal LH levels (peak levels Plt0.1) 
• Decreased frequency of LH release (Plt0.01) 
• Increased incidence of ovulation failure
  (Plt0.05) 
• Reduced conception rate (Plt0.05 (if expressed
  as those that ovulated))

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Copper and Molybdenum

• Assessment of copper status is problematical
• Liver main storage organ and most accurate?
• Plasma copper levels can be maintained
• TCA Cu-thiomoybdate complex unavailable
• lt22 of cattle have TCA in blood Leeds Univ.
  (lt68)
• Caeruloplasmin 6 Cu atoms per molecule
• Attack by Mo rendered inactive
• NB is an acute phase protein
• CPPlCu ratio
• Low lt 1.6 Marginal 1.6 to 1.8 Normal gt 1.9

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The Relationship Between Calving-pregnancy
Intervals and Variables.
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110
136
160
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0.65
0.47
0.42
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Copper and Molybdenum

• Mechanisms of Cu deficiency/Mo toxicity
• LH pulsatility reduced size and frequency
• Cu-histidine complexes required for GnRH release
• ACTH release blocked
• Possibly associated with PAM
• Possible associated with cytochrome c-oxidase
  which is required for oxidative phosphorylation
  and energy production in the cell

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Effect of Molybdenum and Iron on ACTH
accumulation in pituitary glands of sheep
Control
500 mg/kg DM Iron
2 mg/kg DM Molybdenum
10 mg/kg DM Molybdenum
(Williams, 2004)
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Q-Sum
Restocking
Feed Changes
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