PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS

1
PSYCHO-SOCIALINTERVENTIONS

• DRUG ABUSE

2
PSYCHOSOCIAL METHODS

• PSYCHOTHERAPY
• SUPPORTIVE THERAPY
• GROUP THERAPY
• COGNITIVE THERAPY
• FAMILY THERAPY
• FAMILY CRISIS INTERVENTION
• SOCIAL REHABILITATION

3
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
4
COMMUNITY

• PEOPLE HAVING SOMETHING IN COMMON,
• LIVING IN ONE LOCALITY WITH COMMON
• OBJECTIVES

5
OBJECTIVES

• THEORITICAL BASE OF TC
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF TC
• TC APPROACH
• RAPOPORTS TC MODEL
• TC CENTRE

6
HISTORY

• TOM MAIN(1946) SOCIAL MILIEU- FIELD APPROACH TO
  MENTAL ILLNESS AT THE NORTHFIELDS MILITARY
  HOSPITAL FAMILY THERAPY AT CASSEL HOSPITAL
• MAXWELL JONES (1952) GROUP ANALYSIS OF
  SOCIOPATHS AT HENDERSON HOSPITAL

7
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

• PATHOLOGY ATTRIBUTED TO STRESS, DEFICIENT
  LEADERSHIP, AND LOW MORAL .
• DISEASE CENTERED IN PHYSIOLOGICAL BODY AND
  ORGANIZATIONAL BODY

8
COMMUNITY CONCEPT

• NUMBER OF PEOPLE HAVING SOMETHING IN COMMON
  THAT CONNECTS THEM IN SOME WAY AND THAT
  DISTINGUISHES THEM FROM OTHERS

9
WHAT IS TC?

• THE TOTAL COMMUNITY IN A CULTURE OF ENQUIRY
  INTO THE NATURE OF SOCIAL PROCESSES WITHIN AND
  HOW THESE TRULY SUCCEED OR FAIL IN CARING FOR THE
  SPECIFIC INDIVIDUALS IN IT..(MAIN, 1980)

10

• REPRESENTS A PLANNED EFFORT TO MANIPULATE A
  PSYCHOSOCIAL ENVIRONMENT IN ORDER TO PRODUCE
  POSITIVE CHANGES IN INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPATION, IN
  THE BELIEF THAT THE MANIPULATION AND THE CHANGES
  ARE CAUSALLY RELATED.(HUNT, 1983).

11
TC PRINCIPLES

• ATTACHEMENT(FEELING CONNECTED BELONGING)
• CONTAINMENT (FEELING SAFE)
• COMMUNICATION (FEELING HEARD IN A CULTURE OF
  OPENNESS)
• INCLUSION (FEELING INVOLVED)
• AGENCY(FEELING EMPOVERED WITH A TRUE SENSE OF
  SELF)

12
TC APPROACH

• LOOKING AT BEHAVIOUR FROM A WIDER ORGANIZATIONAL
  CONTEXT TO WHICH THE INDIVIDUAL RELATES.
• FOCUSSING UPON THE SYSTEM ENERGY OF THE
  COMMUNITY.
• ATTEMPTING TO SHAPE GROUP CULTURE.

13
I- ATTACHMENT(THERAPEUTIC HONEYMOON)

• RECONSTRUCTION OF A SECURE ATTACHMENT
• BRINGING ABOUT CHANGES IN EXPECTATIONS OF
  RELATIONSHIPS PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOUR

14
II. CONTAINMENT(PRESSURE COOKER ACTION)

• PERMISSIVENESS TOLERANCEEXPRESSION OF POWERFUL
  AFFECTS IN ACTION TO IMPROVE EGO STRENGTH
• LOOKING AT THE UNDERLYING DISTRESS

15
III. COMMUNICATION

• REALITY CONFRONTATION INTERPREATIONS OF ACTIONS
• OPEN, DEEP AND HONEST COMMUNICATION
• ENSURE SAFETY AND BELONGINGNESS

16
IV-INVOLVEMENT

• LEARNING EXPERIENCE
• 24 HOURS A DAY RESIDENTIAL WORK ACCORDING TO A
  TIME TABLE AND DIVERSITY AND VARIATION

17
V- AGENCY

• AUTHORITY FLUID AND QUESTIONABLE
• DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THERAPIST AND PATIENT IS
  ACCEPTED
• PATIENTS ACTIVE PARTICIPATION

18
TREATMENT PROGRAMME(NORTHFIELD HOSPITAL-
BIRMINGAM)

• VOLUNTARY TREATMENT.
• VEHICLE FOR CHANGE RATHER THAN CURE
• GENERAL DOY MEETING FIRST
• EMERGENCY MEETING ENCOURGED

19
TREATMENT PROCESS

• PSYCHIATRIC ASSESSMENT
• INTRODUCTROY VISITS
• SECOND MEETING(TTEND REGULARLY)
• VISITING WEEEK
• CASE CONFERENCE
• PARTICIPATING IN THE COMMUNITY
• ENDING THERAPY.