Banding: Different extents of chromatin condensation

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Banding Different extents of chromatin
condensation
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Allele names according to phenotype
amorph
NULL
R
R
R
hypomorph
R
Wild type
R
R
R
R
neomorph
hypermorph
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Standard Dominant Recessive
Haploinsufficiency
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Human Karyotype Trisomy 21
Lyse Cell and its Nucleus ?
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??-?????
disjunction
non-
junction
?? -
????? ????.
?????
?????
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Non-disjunction in Meiosis I Animation 18.1a
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Non-disjunction in Meiosis II Animation 18.1b
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Patau
Edwards
Down
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Animation 17.2b
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Monosomy Karyotype minus 1 chromosome
homolog ??? ???? (???????) ??? ?? ????????
Nullisomy Karyotype minus both chromosomes
homologs ??? ??????? (?????????) ?? ???????? ???
?????
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An example In males
XY
XY
X
Y
XX
X
Y
Y
Y
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An example In females
X1X2
X1X2
X1
X2
X1 X1
X1
X2
X2
X2
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XXY - Kleinfeldter
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XO - Turner
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Sex-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
(absence of sweat glands in blue areas)
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XXX, XXY, XXYY
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4n
2n
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????
????
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Nullisomics of modern (hexaploid) wheat
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