Chapter 17: Therapy

1
Chapter 17 Therapy

• Overview of Modern Therapy

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Definition of treatment

• When is treatment necessary?
• Inpatient vs. outpatient
• Psychotherapy vs. biomedical

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Modern Therapy

• The Medical Model
• Madness is a mental illness that can be
  diagnosed, treated, and cured
• Has links to modern insights into genetic causes
  of disorders and modern biomedical treatments

4
Modern Therapy

• The Bio-Psycho-Social Model
• Behavior is the result of interaction between
  nature and nurture
• To attribute a disorder to illness is to say
  that the cause is purely internal

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Modern Therapy

• Two approaches
• Psychotherapy
• A planned, emotionally charged confiding
  interaction between a trained, socially
  sanctioned healer and the sufferer

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Modern Therapy

• Two approaches
• Biomedical Therapy
• Drug therapies and medical procedures designed to
  cure the mental illness

7
Modern Therapy

• Psychotherapies
• Over 250 types of psychotherapies exist
• The most influential
• Psychoanalysis
• Humanistic Therapy
• Cognitive Therapy
• Behavior Therapy

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Modern Therapy

• Biomedical Treatments
• Drug Therapy
• Electro-convulsive shock therapy
• Psychosurgery

9
Modern Therapy
10
Psychoanalysis

• Assumptions
• Psychological problems are fueled by repressed
  impulses and conflicts
• Analysis brings these thoughts to the surface
  which relieves the sufferer of anxiety

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Psychoanalysis

• Methods
• Historical reconstruction
• Unearth the cause of conflict by reconstructing
  the past
• Free association
• Say whatever comes to mind on a given topic
• Therapist looks for resistance in the form of
  hesitation, jokes, self-editing, or embarrassment
• Therapist interprets the underlying meaning of
  the resistance
• Transference
• Directing your hidden feelings and wishes towards
  your therapist

12
Psychoanalysis

• Criticisms
• Based on the assumption that repressed memories
  exist
• Interpretations are hard to refute
• Takes a lot of time and money

13
Humanistic Therapy
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Humanistic Therapy

• Assumptions
• People have an inherent potential for
  self-fulfillment
• Helping people grow in self-awareness is the key
  to mental health

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Humanistic Therapy

• Methods
• Client Centered Therapy
• Non-directive
• Genuineness, acceptance, empathy
• Active listening

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Humanistic Therapy

• Criticisms
• One cannot be totally nondirective
• Overly optimistic about human nature
• Cannot help in severe cases

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Cognitive Therapy

• Assumptions
• Thinking greatly colors feelings and actions

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Cognitive Therapy
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Cognitive Therapy

• Methods
• Rational-emotive therapy
• Works to uncover irrationalities in thought
• Cognitive-behavior therapy
• Addresses destructive cycle of thoughts and
  actions

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Cognitive Therapy

• Criticisms
• Not effective for severe cases
• Lack of patient buy-in could cause progress to
  fail after therapy

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Behavior Therapies

• Assumptions
• The behavior is the problem
• Doubt the healing power of self-awareness

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Behavior Therapies

• Methods
• Classical Conditioning
• Systematic desensitization
• Aversive conditioning
• Operant Conditioning
• Token economy

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Behavior Therapies

• Criticisms
• Does not get to the root of the problem
• Cure only effective during treatment, when
  reinforcement stops so will appropriate behavior
• Ethical concerns of behavior modification?

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Biomedical Therapy

• Drug therapy
• Anti-psychotics
• Anti-anxiety
• Anti-depressants

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Biomedical Therapy

• Electro-convulsive shock therapy (ECT)
• Psycho-surgery
• Lobotomy