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Title Why, what and how Spatial Planning
in the Coastal Zone - Some experiences
in Holland by Robbert
Misdorp Advisor to Neth. Min. VW,
Advisor to the Romanian PlanCoast
Neth. Gov. Peer Reviewer for
UN-IPCC. EU-PlanCoast Conference Constanta,
May/June 2007
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• Contents
• Why What Spatial Planning Globally and in
  Holland
• Coastal urbanisation in Holland and Belgium a
  world of difference
• Rotterdam Harbour and sustainable development
  1993 2010
• Netherlands North Sea Integrated Spatial Planning
  and Implementation 2015
• European coastal sustainability indicators
  applied in The Netherlands, 2006
• Netherlands Progress Report on ICZM
  Implementation for the
• EU, 2005
• 7. General Conclusions

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• What Why Spatial Planning
• Coastal Zone Many definitions common
  elements
• Coastal zone is a broad, wide area with a marine
  and terrestrial part,
• The terrestrial part of the coastal zone
• the natural and
• socio-economic processes of
• sea and land meet.

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• Why Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone
• The World Coastal Zone - CZ
• so rich in natural resources but so heavily
  pressured
• The CZ more than 50 of world population is
  living, working, recreating in the CZ
• The population in the CZ is growing faster 2.2
  versus 1.8 global growth
• The economic pressure in the CZ is even more
  strongly increasing
• Many different functional uses nature, safety
  against flooding, transport, navigation,
• harbour, airport, urban settlements, agri-
  horticulture, tourism,
• recreation, oil/gas exploration/exploitation,
  freshwater purification
• From the sea side anticipated impacts of human
  induced Climate Change being
• ASLR, storminess, salt water intrusion in
  coastal aquifers,
• will further exacerbates the pressure.

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Why Spatial Planning in The Netherlands
Coastal Zone
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• Spatial Planning in the Netherlands Coastal
  Zone
• Drivers
• The CZ of Holland half of the national territory
  low lying productive
• 60 of population,
• High pop. density gt 500 inh/km2,
• 65 of the National GNI is earned
• Capital Investment 5000 Billion Euro,
• Agri- Horticulture Holland the third largest
  world exporting country,
• The harbour of Rotterdam (largest of Europe) and
  the national airport Schiphol (third largest of
  Europe, at 4.5 m below MSL) together about 20
  of the GNI.
• Pressures
• Growing economic pressure results in conflicts of
  the different uses and cry for space
• Increasing coastal urbanisation
• Vulnerable to flooding by the sea and rivers,
  coastal erosion, salt water intrusion in fresh
  water aquifers, downstream pollution
• Impacts of Climate Change anticipated
  Accelerated Sea Level Rise, increase of
  storminess, changes in river discharges in
  summer less, in winter more flow, effecting
  safety, water quality, river transport.
• Integrated Coastal Management and Spatial
  Planning are being applied.

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• Why Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone
• The Coastal Zone is increasingly squeezed
• between terrestrial and marine high dynamic
  forces
• An integrated spatial planning implementation
• helps to adapt to global changes and
• decreases coastal vulnerabilities, and
• increases the sustainable development processes.

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2. Coastal urbanisation One of the most
importance socio-economic pressures on the
coastal resilience World wide out of the 25
Mega-cities 20 coastal Mega-cities, and fastly
growing In Holland Rate of urbanisation is
much lower, Legislation settlements at
national level.

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One of the policy issues in the
NetherlandsIncreased urbanisation of the
coastal zone
Coastal urbanisation
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Coastal urbanisation
Management issues ongoing coastal erosion
The landward shift of the town of Egmond aan
Zee gt 300 m
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Example of spatial planning in the Netherlands
coastal zone
Low-lying
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Spatial Planning Urbanisation in the Coastal
Zone - Built-up Area/Towns facing the sea
The Netherlands
The Netherlands 5 of the coastline length
Belgium 70 of the coastline length
Belgium

• Difference
• Planning and Legislation
• Coastal resilience
• Future coastal vulnerability

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Built-up Area/Towns facing the sea in Holland
and Belgium
The Netherlands
The Netherlands total coastline length 355 km,
built-up 5 of total length
Belgium
Belgium total coastline length 64 km,
built-up70 of the length
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• 2.Conclusions - Coastal Urbanisation
• Strongly growing coastal cities particular
  vulnerable
• for CC/ASLR future socio-economic
  pressures
• the double squeeze
• Difference between Dutch and Belgium exemplifies
  
• 1. Urbanisation patterns
• Dutch coastal legislation strictly at
  National,
• Belgium coastal laws are mainly governed
• at Community /Provincial level
• 2. Future vulnerabilities adaptation capacity
• ?? coastal resilience

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3. Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area basic
figures
Area 10 x 40 km2 lt 1 of National Territory
Pop. 1,2 million, Pop.Dens.3000/ km2 gt 7
Nat.Pop.Density Direct employment
60,000 Indirect employment 300,000 2006
-Transshipment Load 370 million ton
Contribution to GNI 6,5
Largest Harbor of Europe
Many threats and challenges ahead in Aiming at
sustainable development of this complex area
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• Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area
• Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area is
• a complex area both in
• Socio-economic sense, as well as in
• Natural coastal processes sense .
• To make such a complex area sustainable
  productive that is a real challenge for
  Integrated Management Development Measures

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ROM-Rijnmond Program, 1993 2010
The integrated spatial planning and
implementation program for sustainable
development of the Rotterdam Harbor Area,
1993-2010

• Institutional setting
• Initial Leader Ministry of Housing, Spatial
  Planning and Environment
• Board of Directors - High Level Representatives
  of 2 Ministries, 1 Province,
• 16 Towns, Rotterdam Harbor Authority, 600
  Harbor Companies
• and NGOs,
• Executive , Daily Council 10 Persons
• Covenant of Cooperation signed in 1993 lasting
  to 2010
• Strong vertical and horizontal cooperation
  integration,
• High level of dissemination and transparency,
• Website www.rom-rijnmond.nl

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ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 2010

Integrated Spatial Planning Development Program

• Socio-economic issues
• Long term program 1993 - 2010
• Common Investment by all partners
• 7.5 Billion Euro
• Harbor related Employment 90,000
• Environmental issues
• Nature conservation/increase
• Habitat restoration
• Pollution reduction
• Green-Recreation area increase

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ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 2010 Some Results
Using Residual Industrial Heat
Establishing a tropical Shrimp Farm Using
residual heat from the cooling water - Harbour
Electric Power Station
Residual industrial heat for 50,000 house
holds (2006) -gt 500,000 (2015)
Strengthening Coastal Nature Function
Recreation Research
Planning and Creating new space
Returning of a Grey Seal Community man-
induced habitat improved water quality
Creating 1000 ha New Harbor Area Co-creating
750 ha Nature Recreation Compensating 20,000
ha Marine Reserve
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ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 - 2010 Some Results
Strong decrease of 1.Air pollution reaching EU
standards for S and fine
dust, and 2.Micro-contamimants in river and
coastal waters, sediments and organisms
through institutionalised, coordinated,
consistent, long term purification actions at
local, national and at international level
with input of NGOs.
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• ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 - 2010
• Some Economic results
• Increasing Added Value
• Contribution to GNI 6.5
• Harbor related Employment 90,000
• through coordination, innovation and
• creating win-win situations ?
• more efficient use of raw material/resources,
• less waste, less pollution.

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Economic results
Start of Integrated Program 1993- 2010
y6.8x286
250
y1.3x258
The EXTRA accumulative Transshipment Loads during
1996-2005 250 million tons goods
representing 6.5 Billion Euro in 10 years
good return of the investment of 7 billion
Euro!
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Conclusions Rotterdam Harbor - Integrated
Spatial Planning Implementation

• Initial National Leader Ministry of Env.Spatial
  Planning
• Clear goal Sustainable Development of the
  resources,
• Long term coordination follow-up program 2010 -
  2020,
• Creating innovative win-win solutions and more
  space,
• Cooperation between stakeholders NGOs is
  profitable,
• EU acknowledgement Rotterdam leader of the EU -
  PEGASUS (Planning, Environment, Governance
  Sustainability) project for sustainable EU
  Harbours.

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Overall conclusion on the performance of the
Greater Rotterdam Harbor, ROM-Rijnmond
program 1993- 2010 Integrated Spatial Planning
Implementation is Economical
and Ecological very much rewarded !
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• 4. The Integrated
• Management Plan for
• the Neth. North Sea 2015
• Status
• Governmental Document 2005,
• Adopted by entire Cabinet in 2006,
• Approved by Parliament in 2006,
• Being implemented enforced.

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Integrated Management Plan Neth. North Sea
(IMPN) - 2015

• Main Objective
• To enhance econ. importance of the North Sea,
• maintain develop internat. ecological features
• by harmonising sustainable economic activities
• Implementation some examples
• Opportunity maps for eg wind farms, mineral
• extraction, military restrictions, conservation,
• navigation, identifies future areas of conflict
  

• Pilot Wind farm in operation 2007 120 MW, next
  phase 360 MW,
• desired output of wind-energy 2020 6000 MW
• Creating win-win opportunities
  aquaculture/artificial reefs
• near wind farms
• Enforcement in action the sea-going inspection
  fleets and aerial survey
• of the different Ministries under one single
  command CoastGuard.

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Creating Opportunity maps Windfarm parks
Shipping followed by implementation Creating
windfarms

• 30 Wind mills, 120 MW installed in 2006
• 60 Wind mills, 240 MW being installed
• 1500 MW in 2010
• 6000 MW in 2020.

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More information Website link www.noordzeeloke
t.nl/overig/ bibliotheek.asp publicaties - IBN
2015 (Engels) Contact Mr. Leo de Vrees, Water
Manager North Sea, Ministry of Water
(VW), 00-31-70-3366609/00 leo.de.vrees_at_rws.nl
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• 5. European Sustainability Indicators
• for the coastal zones in the Netherlands
• A common EU Methodology to asses the
  sustainability
• in the European coastal zones through a
  indicator system
• 46 so-called measurements
• 27 sustainability indicators
• 7 defined goals
• 1 National Coastal Strategy To plan and
  implement sustainable management and
  development of coastal resources,
• The Netherlands applied this methodology in
  2006.

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• European Sustainability Indicators
• The system of goals, sustainability indicators,
  measurements, designed in the frame of EU ICZM
  Recommendations
• Reflects the wide range of coastal functional
  uses,
• Comprises Socio-Economic and Natural resource
  
• process indicators,
• Defines ready available statistical parameters,
  the
• so-called measurements, impacting the processes.

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Measurement Oil Slicks in North Sea Aerial
Survey
1998
2004
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Measurement Status of 7 Fish Stocks - Safe
Biol. Limits - North Sea ICES IVc
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Measurement Area and Volume of Sand Replenishment
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• Conclusions on the application of
• the Sustainability Indicator - methodology
• The application in the Netherlands a first
  inventory,
• Provides a very useful overview of the entire
  coastal system,
• The trends show the positive influence of
  monitoring,
• legislative and enforcement eg oil slicks,
• Long term trends show also positive effects of
  coastal
• protection interventions eg sand nourishment
  schemes,
• Trends indicate the fields of high priorities
  eg fishing,

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6. Netherlands 2005 Progress Report on ICZM
Implementation for the EU, in the frame of
the 2002 EU-ICZM Recommendation
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• 2005 Progress Report
• Netherlands ICZM process
• Many coast related authorities
• Strong policy coordination
• between Ministries, Provinces
• Multi stakeholder platforms
• consultative committees
• Priority setting
• flood protection safety 1
• Implementation by
• offering more scope and
• coordination to provinces,
• through integrated funding
• knowledge flow.

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• 2005 Progress Report ICZM The Netherlands
• Overview of Policy Development 1990 -2005
• 1990 Coast Line - Flood Protection Management ?
• 2005 resilient Integrated Coastal Zone Manag.,
• 1990 First Coast Gov. Note ?
• 2005 Coastal Note as part of Nat. Spatial
  Strategy
• 1990 Start of systematic soft coastal
  protection inclusion of
• multiple coastal uses ?
• 2005 Integrated Coastal Management full
  spectrum
• socio-economic and natural coastal
  processes.

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Example of land use, spatial Planning in
Holland Four spatial scenarios
based on different outcomes of
competing demands for space and
resource utilisation
Holland in 2030 (Neth. Ministry of Spatial
Planning)
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• General Conclusions
• Integrated Spatial Planning Implementation

• Some experiences in Holland
• Integrated Spatial Planning an Effective tool
• to reduce vulnerability - flooding and
  environment quality,
• to increase resilience and sust. development
• Planning is the first step
• initial leader with vision, increased
  cooperation is highly profitable,
• communication with all stakeholders
  NGOs
• Implementation is the next step
• creating win-win solutions, zoning, monitoring,
  legislation, enforcement, evaluation.