All learning begins with the learner'

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All learning begins with the learner.

• John Dewey

Information Literacy/Technology Education
Integration Plan Toolkit SC Department of
Education 2003
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What we ask students to do

• Write a report on frogs.
• Who was Franklin Roosevelt?
• Born? Died?
• Presidential Years
• One important fact
• Write a brief report on the Vietnam War.
• When began? Ended?
• Who was President?
• What countries were involved?

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What we ask students to do

• Write a report on the Amazon Rain Forest.
• Size?
• Inhabitants? (animals, humans)
• Write a description
• One important fact
• Read a book and write a report on your book
• Who were the main characters
• Describe what happened
• Could you recommend this book to a friend?

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What are the results?

• Little transfer of learning
• Activity to activity
• Subject to subject
• Doing school

BORING!

• Students are not engaged

• Teachers are not engaged

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What can we do to change the way we do school?

• Involve teachers
• Involve students
• Cooperative learning
• Interdisciplinary units/lessons
• Move up Blooms Taxonomy

Information Literacy engages students and
teachers matches the curriculum, the standards,
technology, and makes learning relevant!
(http//www.fno.org/sum00/winning.html)
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Inquiry-Based Learning
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Five Hallmarks of Inquiry-based Learning
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1. Inquiry-based Learning asks questions that
come from the higher levels of Blooms Taxonomy.
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2. Inquiry-based Learning involves questions that
are interesting and motivating to students.
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3. Inquiry-based Learning utilizes a wide variety
of resources so students can gather information
and form opinions.
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4. Teachers play a new role as guide or
facilitator.
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5. Meaningful products come out of inquiry-based
learning.
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What does it mean to students?

• When you do stuff that is real.
• It is like projects and things that take a long
  time.
• When kids work in groups or with partners and
  make big things.
• Its fun!
• I think about things.

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Inquiry-based learning implies involvement that
leads to understanding

"Tell me and I forget, show me and I remember,
involve me and I understand."
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What are the benefits of inquiry-based learning?

Students often have difficulty understanding how
various activities within a particular subject
relate to each other. Much more confusion results
when the learner tries to interrelate the various
subjects taught at school.
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USE a spiral path of inquiry
Asking questions
Reflecting on new-found knowledge
Investigating Solutions
Discussing discoveries and experiences
Creating new knowledge
http//inquiry.uiuc.edu/ (The Inquiry Page)
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Asking questions, investigating solutions,
creating reflecting on our new-found knowledge

• What needs to be done?
• What can I use to find what I need?
• Where can I find what I need?
• What information can I use?
• How can I put my information together?
• How will I know if I did my job well?

The Big6? !
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How Does Inquiry-based Learning Sound?

• Close the door!
• Students with students
• Teacher as guide

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What Does Inquiry-based Learning Look Like?
httpwww/uis.edu/trammell/cap.htm
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How Does it Feel?
http//museum.gov.ns.ca/roadshow/day7/image/05stea
mr.jpg
http//www.wrldcon.com/maestro/smiling-student.gif
http//www.gatewayconsortium.org/library2.jpg
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Think about how good it feels to accomplish
something that was a challenge.
http//www.chester.ac.uk/gpollard/handstand.jpg
http//www.arndell.nsw.edu.au/00comp3.jpg
http//www.zcs.k12.in.us/images/mainpage3/reading.
JPG
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Elements of Inquiry-based Learning

• Cooperative Learning
• Teamwork
• Excitement
• Presenting
• Movement

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Problem-based learning

• Placing students in the active role of
  problem-solvers confronted with an ill-structured
  problem which mirrors real-world problems.

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Active Learning - Students

• Ends the listen-to-learn paradigm of the
  classroom
• Gives students real and authentic challenges to
  overcome.

http//www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/DVE/FusionDVE/htm
l/inquiry_based_education.html
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Active Learning - Teachers

• Ends teachers paradigm of talking to teach
• Puts teachers in the role of a colleague and
  mentor
• Engaged teachers in the same knowledge quest as
  their students.

http//www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/DVE/FusionDVE/htm
l/inquiry_based_education.html
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Teacher as Guide

• What does facilitating really mean?

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Five Kind of Questions

• Inference Questions
• Interpretation Questions
• Transfer Questions
• Questions about Hypotheses
• Reflective Questions
• The Art of Questioning by Denise Wolf
• Research project for the Rockefeller Foundation.

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Inference Questions

• Ask students to go beyond the immediately
  available information.
• Ask students to look for clues, examine them and
  decide if they have a role in the question.

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Examples

• What conclusions can you draw by looking at this
  photograph?
• How did the author feel about the character in
  the story?

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Interpretation Questions

• Ask students to predict what consequences may
  occur as a result of a given scenario.
• Ask students to combine past knowledge of
  situations and new factual information.

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Examples

• You found that Sports Illustrated actually had
  more tobacco ads than any other magazine we
  looked at. What does that say about Sports
  Illustrated?
• We read and loved two books by AVI. What
  patterns did you see that you think might be
  present in the third book?

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Transfer Questions

• Ask students to take their knowledge and apply it
  to new situations.
• Ask students to expand their thinking.

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Examples

• We found many patterns in math today. Now lets
  look at our Language Arts lesson on adverbs.
  Lets see what patterns you find there?
• We learned how to make Inspiration webs from
  paragraphs in our textbook. Now lets try going
  the other way and making a web and then writing a
  paragraph from it.

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Questions about Hypotheses

• Ask students to predict outcomes and carry out
  tests to discover new knowledge.
• Use in all disciplines, not just science.

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Example

• How can we find out if Energizer batteries
  really last the longest?

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Reflective Questions

• Ask students to look again at the beliefs they
  have and the evidence that supports them.
• Lead students back into investigation.

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Examples

• How do I really know that there are no aliens
  out there?
• How do I know that the show on TV was telling
  the truth?

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Where do You Begin?

• Examine the lessons
• Listen to the questions you ask.
• Start with small projects dont get overwhelmed
• Remember, children who are not used to thinking
  may not know how to approach problems.
• Be the guide. Dont supply the answers

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Implementing

• Collaborating - working together
• Conversing - developing ideas and making
  connections
• Continuing - knowing that learning is a process
• Choosing - sense of control over the learning
  process by making choices on what to pursue,
  choose, leave out
• Charting - depicts ideas for visualizations
• Composing - formulating thoughts as a tool for
  thinking

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Caution

• Avoid activities that dont promote deep
  processing
• Avoid too much structure, too little guidance,
  too few strategies
• Distinction between project centered approach and
  inquiry-based approach lies in underlying
  motivation and objective

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• Inquiry is an important part of
• multiple-intelligence work -- and
• cooperative and collaborative learning is
  inherently inquiry-based.
• a key tool for learning in constructivism
• Standards can be met
• incorporated early in planning
• guiding students toward questions that will help
  them learn the required material

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Lesson Plans

• Inquiry-based lesson plans are usually referred
  to as "facilitation plans," to help teachers
  remember their role as facilitator of learning,
  rather than fount of all wisdom. The notion also
  helps teachers structure lessons more loosely to
  allow student questions to drive the learning
  process without derailing it.

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What is your perception of learning?
What do you emphasize? What do you reward? What
do you expect?
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How is inquiry teaching/learning defined? How do
we overcome barriers to make inquiry teaching
inclusive to all learners? How does information
technology contribute to inquiry teaching and
learning?
Focus Questions
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Focus Questions
What meaningful learning experiences do you
recall as a result of student media center
experiences? How do you know that a learning
experience resulted in new learning?
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What do we want to see happen?

• Increased student achievement
• School to work connection
• Lifelong learning skills and a desire to learn
• Productive citizens