The case of Diaccia Botrona Wetland Nature Reserve

1
The case of Diaccia Botrona Wetland Nature Reserve

• PhD Students Adele Del Sordi and Fabiana
  Sacchetti
• Course of Decisional Processes and Public
  Policy
• Professor Bruno Dente
• PhD Programme in Political Systems and
  Institutional Change XXIII cycle
• A.Y. 2008/09
• IMT Institute for Advanced Studies, Lucca

2
The phases

• 1976 March 1990
• March 1990 May 1993
• May 1993 February 1996

3
First phase 1976 March 1990

• Main problem whether to transform the Diaccia
  Botrona marshlands into a protected area
• Stake status and management of the area (if)
• Pattern of interaction confrontation

4
First phase 1976 March 1990 (2)
List of actors
5
First phase 1976 March 1990 (3)
List of actors
6
First phase 1976 March 1990 (4)
The form of the network
Judicial Authorities
Federcaccia
Ministry of Environment
Private Businesses
Ministry of Finance
Provincial Govt of Grosseto
WWF
LIPU
Local authorities
European Community
Environmental associations
Density S?i/n2-n 18/(112-11) 0.16
7
First phase 1976 March 1990 (5)
Complexity 3 x 4 12
8
Second phase March 1990 May 1993

• Main problem find the most appropriate solution
  for transforming the Diaccia Botrona marshlands
  into a protected area
• Stake status and management of the area (how)
• Pattern of interaction bargaining

9
Second phase March 1990 May 1993 (2)
List of actors
10
Second phase March 1990 May 1993 (3)
List of actors
11
Second phase March 1990 May 1993 (4)
The form of the network
Federcaccia
EU Commissioner
LIPU
WWF
Local authorities
Provincial Govt of Grosseto
Ministry of Environment
Green Party
Regional Govt of Tuscany
Constitutional Court
Density S?i/n2-n 20/(102-10) 0.22
12
Second phase March 1990 May 1993 (4)
Complexity 4 x 5 20
13
Third phase May 1993 Feb 1996

• Main problem given the consensus reached on the
  idea of protecting the area, the problem is how
  to implement the conservation of the Diaccia
  Botrona marshlands
• Stake implementation of the conservation
  program, including a social and economic
  development plan of the area
• Pattern of interaction bargaining/collaboration

14
Third phase May 1993 Feb 1996 (2)
List of actors
15
Third phase May 1993 Feb 1996 (3)
List of actors
16
Third phase May 1993 Feb 1996 (4)
The form of the network
Arcicaccia
Federcaccia
Ministry of Environment
WWF
Provincial Govt of Grosseto
Local authorities
Judicial Authorities
Regional Govt of Tuscany
Density S?i/n2-n 15/(82-8) 0.27
17
Third phase May 1993 Feb 1996 (5)
Complexity 3 x 5 15
18
Critical factors for decisional success

• Initial conditions
• Non turbulent environment ()
• No plenty of resources for the promoter (-)
• No collaboration between actors (-)
• Zero-sum game (-) but potentially turning into a
  positive-sum game because it is a regulatory
  policy (concentrated costs and distributed
  benefits) the benefits of the winners can
  be much higher than the costs of the losers.

19
Strategies for decisional success

• Manipulating the pattern of interaction
• From confrontation to bargaining/collaboration
• First phase just unilateral initiatives of the
  opposing parts directed to the competent bodies
• Then Public Meeting (1990), attempts of
  coordination after Rutellis ordinance (1993),
  Public Meeting (Aug 1993), Protocol of Agreement
  (March 1994)

20
Strategies for decisional success (2)

• Manipulating the stake
• Enlargement of the stake from a simple
  preservation of the area to a larger
  protection, including a social and economic
  development plan and the granting of an hunting
  area.

21
Strategies for decisional success (3)

• Manipulating the network
• Increasing the Density (0.16 0.2 0.27)
  through the organization of collective events
  involving the main actors in order to rapproach
  their positions and overcome the mistrust
• The increase of Complexity is not a crucial
  factor but plays a marginal role
• On the contrary, a critical factor is that in the
  II phase the local authorities enter the scene
  with a new role (ally promoter/director),
  with the change of the stake and the inclusion of
  a socio-economic development plan