Introduction to Zambia

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Introduction to Zambia

• Independence in 1964 from Britain
• Slightly larger than Texas
• 11.8 million people
• Small settler population 1.1 of pop is of
  European descent
• HIV/AIDS rate 15.2 among adults
• Major commodity exports copper/cobalt 64,
  electricity tobacco, flowers, cotton
• Debt 26 of GDP
• Unemployment rate 50
• 85 of population in agriculture, 6 in industry,
  9 in services

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Some Characteristics of Southern Africa

• European settler population (particularly in
  South Africa and Zimbabwe)
• Labor migration to industrial areas (mines) and
  cities, which led to higher and earlier rates of
  urbanization than in other parts of Africa
• AIDS rate is higher than in other parts of Africa

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Migration to the Copperbelt
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Uses of Copper

• Copper is strongly conductive (both heat and
  electricity)
• It is used in electrical wiring, plumbing,
  roofing, circuit boards, and many other uses.
• The Earth has an estimated 61 years of copper
  reserves remaining. Environmental analyst,
  Lester Brown, however, has suggested copper might
  run out within 25 years based on a reasonable
  extrapolation of 2 growth per year.
• Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but
  more than 95 percent of all copper ever mined and
  smelted has been extracted since 1900.

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Sources of Copper Around the World
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Kongola Copper Mine, Zambia
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Nchanga Copper Mine, Zambia
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Processing Copper, Zambia
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Servicing of Debts

• Balance of trade, Ferguson p. 8 and 9
• In 1998, on average, across African countries,
  external debt constituted 60.7 of GDP (gross
  domestic product).
• Structural adjustment programs from the World
  Bank and IMF

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Structural Adjustment Programs instituted by the
World Bank and IMF
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What is development?

• How do we measure development?